葛

葛	U+845B, 葛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-845B

← 葚
[U+845A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

葜 →
[U+845C]

Translingual

Han character

葛 (radical 140 艸+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿日心女 (TAPV), four-corner 4472₇, composition ⿱艹曷)

References

KangXi: page 1045, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31420

Dae Jaweon: page 1506, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3248, character 3

Unihan data for U+845B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		葛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 葛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
愒	kʰaːds, kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	qaːds, qaːd
餲	qraːds, qrads, ɡaːd, qaːd
喝	qraːds, qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	kʰrads, ked, kʰrad, ɡrad, kad, ɡad
偈	ɡrads, ɡrad
猲	kʰob, qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	klaːd, rab
渴	kʰaːd, ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	qʰaːd, qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	ɡaːd, ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	kʰreːd, kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	kʰraːd, ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	ɡrad, ɡad
碣	ɡrad, ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːd) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gé, gě (ge², ge³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ, ㄍㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): got³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kot
Min Dong (BUC): gák
Min Nan (POJ): kat / koah
Wu (Wiktionary): keq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gé
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ko²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ger
  - IPA ^(key): /kɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gě
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˇ
  - Wade–Giles: ko³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gee
  - IPA ^(key): /kɤ²¹⁴/

Note:

gě - standard in surname sense;
variant in other senses (proposed standard in Mainland).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: got³
  - Yale: got
  - Cantonese Pinyin: got⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: god³
  - IPA ^(key): /kɔːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kot
  - Hakka Romanization System: god`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: god⁵
  - IPA: /kot̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gák
  - IPA ^(key): /kɑʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kat / koah
  - Tâi-lô: kat / kuah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kad, koaq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kat̚³²/, /kuaʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kat̚⁵/, /kuaʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kat̚³²/, /kuaʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kat̚³²/, /kuaʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kat̚³²/, /kuaʔ³²/

Note:

kat - literary;
koah - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: keq (T4)
  - IPA ^(key): /kəʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kɑt̚/▼

Rime
Character	葛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古達切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kat̚/
Li Rong	/kɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ge

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤat/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	葛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gé
Middle Chinese	‹ kat ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˤat/
English	Dolichos; kudzu
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葛
Reading #	1/1
No.	5022
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	葛
Old Chinese	/*kaːd/

Definitions

葛

kudzu (Pueraria lobata)
poplin; hemp cloth
(～國) State of Ge (a small state in modern Henan province during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties)
A surname.

Compounds

九重葛
扳藤附葛
攀藤攬葛／攀藤揽葛
攀藤附葛
杯葛 (bēigé)
杯葛運動／杯葛运动
瓜葛 (guāgé)
瓜葛之親／瓜葛之亲
糾葛／纠葛 (jiūgé)
紫葛
膠葛／胶葛
葛屨
葛屨履霜

葛巴丁
葛巾
葛巾漉酒
葛布
葛生
葛粉 (géfěn)
葛萊美獎／葛莱美奖
葛藟
葛藤 (géténg)
葛衣
葛覃
葛越

蕉葛
藤攀葛繞／藤攀葛绕
裘葛
裘葛之遺／裘葛之遗
詭負葛藤／诡负葛藤
諸葛／诸葛 (Zhūgě)
諸葛四郎／诸葛四郎
諸葛巾／诸葛巾
諸葛燈／诸葛灯
采葛
野葛
黃金葛／黄金葛

Japanese

Kanji

葛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Goon: かち (kachi)
Kan’on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)
Kun: くず (kuzu, 葛, Jōyō); かずら (kazura, 葛)^{←かづら (kadura, historical)}; つづら (tsuzura, 葛)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
葛
かずら Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ka̠zɨᵝɾa̠]

Noun

葛 (hiragana かずら, rōmaji kazura, historical hiragana かづら)

creeper, creeping plant

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
葛
くず Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝzɨᵝ]

Noun

葛 (hiragana くず, katakana クズ, rōmaji kuzu)

kudzu, Japanese arrowroot (Pueraria montana)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
葛
つづら Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝzɨᵝɾa̠]

Noun

葛 (hiragana つづら, katakana ツヅラ, rōmaji tsuzura)

Alternative spelling of 大葛藤 (“Sinomenium acutum”)
Alternative spelling of 葛籠 (“wicker basket”)

Korean

Hanja

葛 • (gal)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 갈 (revised: gal, McCune–Reischauer: kal, Yale: kal)
- Name (hangeul): 칡

arrowroot, kudzu

Vietnamese

Han character

葛 (cát, nhật)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.