葉

See also: 叶, 頁, and 页
葉 U+8449, 葉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8449
← 葈
[U+8448] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 葊 →
[U+844A]

Translingual

Han character

葉 (radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹枼)

References

  • KangXi: page 1044, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3243, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+8449

Chinese

trad. 葉
simp. 叶*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (世) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貰 *ɦljebs, *hljebs
跇 *l̥ʰebs, *lebs
迣 *ʔljebs
世 *hljebs
泄 *lebs, *sled
枻 *lebs
詍 *lebs
靾 *lebs
袣 *lebs
抴 *lebs, *led
呭 *lebs
勩 *lebs, *libs
屜 *l̥ʰeːbs
鰈 *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb
渫 *zreːb, *sled
煠 *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb
喋 *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb
鞢 *rlaːb, *sleːb
殜 *l'eb, *leb, *lab
葉 *hljeb, *leb
弽 *hljeb, *hleːb
韘 *hljeb, *sleːb
枼 *leb
楪 *leb
揲 *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed
鍱 *leb
偞 *leb, *hleːb
蝶 *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb
牒 *l'eːb
蹀 *l'eːb
諜 *l'eːb
堞 *l'eːb
牃 *l'eːb
褋 *l'eːb
惵 *l'eːb
碟 *l'eːb
屧 *sleːb
屟 *sleːb
紲 *sled
齛 *sled
疶 *sled
緤 *sled
媟 *sled

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljeb, *leb) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).

This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • hio̍h - vernacular (substitute for 箬);
  • ia̍p - literary (including the surname).
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: hiêh8 / hioh8 / iab8 / iag8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hie̍h / hio̍h / ia̍p / ia̍k
      • IPA (key): /hieʔ⁴/, /hioʔ⁴/, /iap̚⁴/, /iak̚⁴/
Note:
  • hiêh8/hioh8 - vernacular (substitute for 箬);
  • iab8/iag8 - literary (including the surname).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 葉
Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ie⁵³/
Jinan /iə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
Xining /i⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ie¹³/
Lanzhou /iə¹³/
Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ie²¹³/
Chengdu /ie³¹/
Guiyang /ie²¹/
Kunming /iɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ie²²/
Tunxi /ia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
Nanning /jip̚²²/
Hong Kong /jip̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia⁴²/
/xiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
/hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
Haikou (Min Nan) /iap̚³/ 姓
/hio³³/ 訓箬
Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 葉 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 與涉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /jæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jiap̚/
Li
Rong		 /iɛp̚/
Wang
Li		 /jĭɛp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yè
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yep ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l[a]p/
English leaf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
No. 11561
Phonetic
component		 世
Rime
group		 盍
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 葉
Old
Chinese		 /*leb/

Definitions

葉

  1. leaf; petal
  2. page of book
  3. era; epoch
  4. (southern Wu, Min) wing
  5. A surname​.
Synonyms
  • (leaf): (Min) 箬

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 葉 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 書涉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕiap̚/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɛp̚/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭɛp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 she
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
No. 11557
Phonetic
component		 世
Rime
group		 盍
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 攝
Old
Chinese		 /*hljeb/

Definitions

葉

  1. (～縣) Ye County, Henan, China
  2. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

葉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

葉 (ha, yō): sunlight through leaves.
Kanji in this term
葉
は
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/pa/ → /fa/ → /ha/

From Old Japanese.[1] Probably cognate with Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru), and with 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”). Probably also cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall, and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape. Compare English blade.

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (counter 枚, hiragana は, rōmaji ha)

  1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
葉
よう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

/epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /yoː/

From Middle Chinese 葉 (yep, “leaf”).

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (hiragana よう, rōmaji yō, historical hiragana えふ)

  1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
  2. a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
  3. an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office

Counter

葉 (hiragana よう, rōmaji -yō, historical hiragana えふ)

  1. (rare) counter for flat, thin things such as leaves or paper
  2. (by extension) counter for small boats

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

葉 • (yeop, seop) (hangeul 엽, 섭, McCune–Reischauer yŏp, sŏp, Yale yep, sep)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

葉

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Japonic pa. Cognate with Kunigami phaá, Middle Japanese ɸa, and modern Japanese ha.

Noun

葉 (hiragana ふぁー, romaji fā)

  1. leaf

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

葉 (diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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