荷

荷	U+8377, 荷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8377

← 荶
[U+8376]

CJK Unified Ideographs

荸 →
[U+8378]

Translingual

Han character

荷 (radical 140, 艸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿人一口 (TOMR), four-corner 4422₁, composition ⿱艹何)

References

KangXi: page 1032, character 13

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31000

Dae Jaweon: page 1491, character 23

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3220, character 4

Unihan data for U+8377

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 荷
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
砢	*ɡ·raːlʔ
柯	*kaːl
菏	kaːl, ɡaːl
牁	*kaːl
滒	*kaːl
哥	*kaːl
歌	*kaːl
謌	*kaːl
鴚	*kaːl
哿	*kaːlʔ
舸	*kaːlʔ
笴	kaːlʔ, kaːnʔ
軻	kʰaːl, kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂	*kʰaːl
可	*kʰaːlʔ
岢	*kʰaːlʔ
坷	kʰaːlʔ, kʰaːls
蚵	kʰaːls, ɡaːl
呵	qʰaːl, qʰaːls
訶	*qʰaːl
抲	*qʰaːl
荷	qʰaːls, ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何	ɡaːl, ɡaːlʔ
河	*ɡaːl
苛	*ɡaːl
魺	*ɡaːl
袔	*ɡaːls
阿	*qaːl
妸	qaːl, qaːlʔ
疴	qaːl, kʰraːls
鈳	*qaːl
娿	qaːl, qaːlʔ
痾	*qaːl
跒	*kʰraːlʔ
閜	*qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 何 (OC *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ).

Etymology 1

trad.		荷
simp. ^#		荷

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hé (he²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ho⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ho³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hò
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hô / hô͘ / ô

(Teochew, Peng'im): o⁵ / ho⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hé
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ho²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
  - IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho⁴
  - Yale: hòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ho³
  - IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hò
  - Hakka Romanization System: hoˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ho²
  - IPA: /ho¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
  - Tâi-lô: hô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ho²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô
  - Tâi-lô: ô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /o¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /o²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ²³/

Note:

hô/hô͘ - literary;
ô - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: o⁵ / ho⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ô / hô
  - IPA ^(key): /o⁵⁵/, /ho⁵⁵/

Note:

o5 - vernacular;
ho5 - literary.

Middle Chinese: /ɦɑ/▼

Rime
Character	荷
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡歌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦa/
Li Rong	/ɣɑ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荷
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ ha ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˤaj/
English	lotus
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荷
Reading #	2/3
No.	7463
Phonetic component	可
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	何
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːl/

Definitions

荷

lotus
lotus leaf
Short for 荷蘭／荷兰 (Hélán, “Netherlands”).
A surname.

Compounds

令箭荷花
團荷／团荷
墨荷
性荷爾蒙／性荷尔蒙
愛荷華／爱荷华 (Àihéhuá)
愛達荷／爱达荷 (Àidáhé)
煙袋荷包／烟袋荷包
繡荷包／绣荷包
芰荷
荷包 (hébāo)
荷包蛋 (hébāodàn)
荷塘 (hétáng)

荷月 (Héyuè)
荷爾蒙／荷尔蒙 (hé'ěrméng)
荷珠配
荷花 (héhuā)
荷花出水
荷花大少
荷花燈／荷花灯
荷荷芭 (héhébā)
荷葉先師／荷叶先师
荷葉肉／荷叶肉
荷蘭／荷兰 (Hélán)
荷蘭乳牛／荷兰乳牛

荷蘭水／荷兰水 (hélánshuǐ)
荷蘭王國／荷兰王国 (Hélán Wángguó)
荷蘭豆／荷兰豆 (hélándòu)
荷蘭豬／荷兰猪
荷衣
荷錢／荷钱
荷馬史詩／荷马史诗
菊老荷枯
藕荷 (ǒuhé)
蘘荷 (ránghé, “myoga”)
達荷美／达荷美 (Dáhéměi)
香荷包

Etymology 2

trad.		荷
simp. ^#		荷
alt. forms		𦽅

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): he (he⁵)

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄏㄜ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ho⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ho³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hò
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hô / hǒ͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ho³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: he
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄏㄜ
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁵
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .he
  - IPA ^(key): /xə/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho⁴
  - Yale: hòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ho³
  - IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hò
  - Hakka Romanization System: hoˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ho²
  - IPA: /ho¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
  - Tâi-lô: hô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ho²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: hǒo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ho³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hò
  - IPA ^(key): /ho²¹³/

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荷
Reading #	1/3
No.	7457
Phonetic component	可
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	呵
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːls/
Notes	薄荷（𦽅）的今字

Definitions

荷

Only used in 薄荷 (bòhe).

Compounds

薄荷 (bòhe)
薄荷油

薄荷精

薄荷腦／薄荷脑

Etymology 3

trad.		荷
simp. ^#		荷
alt. forms		何

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hè (he⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ho⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ho⁵
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hō / hō͘ / hǒ͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): o⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hè
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
  - IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho⁶
  - Yale: hoh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ho⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔ³²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
  - Tâi-lô: hō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ho²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ho⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ho³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
  - Tâi-lô: hōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ho
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: hǒo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: o⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ŏ
  - IPA ^(key): /o³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɦɑ^X/▼

Rime
Character	荷
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡可切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦa^X/
Li Rong	/ɣɑ^X/
Wang Li	/ɣɑ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hè

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤajʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荷
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hè
Middle Chinese	‹ ha^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˤajʔ/
English	carry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荷
Reading #	3/3
No.	7465
Phonetic component	可
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	荷
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːlʔ/

Definitions

荷

to carry (a load on one's shoulder); to hold
to shoulder; to bear (e.g. responsibilities)
load; burden
(physics) load; charge

Compounds

不勝負荷／不胜负荷
不堪負荷／不堪负荷
不念荷戈
感恩荷德
戴笠荷鋤／戴笠荷锄
投袂荷戈
擔荷／担荷
為荷／为荷

父析子荷
荷懼／荷惧
荷擔／荷担
荷槍實彈／荷枪实弹
荷蓑
荷負／荷负
荷質比／荷质比

荷載／荷载
荷重
荷鋤／荷锄
負荷／负荷 (fùhè)
負荷量／负荷量
載荷／载荷
電荷／电荷 (diànhè)

Japanese

Kanji

荷

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

load, cargo
luggage

Readings

Goon: が (ga)
Kan’on: か (ka, Jōyō)
Kun: に (ni, 荷, Jōyō); になう (ninau, 荷う)

Compounds

手荷物 (てにもつ) (tenimotsu)
荷物 (にもつ) (nimotsu)
茗 (みょう)荷 (が) (myōga), 蘘 (みょう)荷 (が) (myōga): myoga or Japanese ginger (Zingiber mioga); a dimwit, an idiot, a stupid person; a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”)

Counter

荷 (hiragana か, rōmaji -ka)

loads that can be carried on one's shoulders

Suffix

荷 (hiragana か, rōmaji -ka)

Korean

Hanja

荷 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)

(짐): a load, burden; a cargo, freight
- 하물 (荷物, hamul, “a cargo, freight”)
- 하주 (荷主, haju, “the owner or consignor of a cargo”)
- 하중 (荷重, hajung, “load, weight”)
- 하치 (荷置, hachi, “to unload”)
- 선하 (船荷, seonha, “a shippped cargo”)
- 입하 (入荷, ipha, “the arrival of a cargo”)
(멜): to bear; to undertake, to take charge; to owe
- 부하 (負荷, buha, “to be loaded”)
(연): lotus, water lily (same as 蓮)
- 하엽 (荷葉, hayeop, “a leaf of lotus”)

Compounds

양하 (蘘荷, yangha, “myoga”)

Vietnamese

Han character

荷 (hà)

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