樂

See also: 乐, 楽, and 𝌝
樂 U+6A02, 樂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A02
← 樁
[U+6A01] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 樃 →
[U+6A03]
樂 U+F914, 樂
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F914
← 邏
[U+F913] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 洛 →
[U+F915]
樂 U+F95C, 樂
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95C
← 拏
[U+F95B] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 諾 →
[U+F95D]
樂 U+F9BF, 樂
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9BF
← 料
[U+F9BE] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 燎 →
[U+F9C0]

Translingual

Traditional 樂
Shinjitai 楽
Simplified 乐

Han character

樂 (radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女戈木 (VID), four-corner 22904, composition ⿱⿲幺白幺木)

References

Chinese

trad. 樂
simp. 乐
alt. forms 楽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 樂
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
樂 *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ
轢 *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
濼 *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ
躒 *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
擽 *rawɢ, *reːwɢ
爍 *qʰljawɢ
鑠 *qʰljawɢ
藥 *lawɢ
櫟 *lawɢ, *reːwɢ
纅 *lawɢ
礫 *reːwɢ
瓅 *reːwɢ
皪 *reːwɢ
觻 *reːwɢ, *roːwɢ
嚛 *qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument.

The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part.

Etymology

“music; joyful”
The etymological relationship between “music” and “joy” has been discussed in Wulff (1935) and Unger (1983). Unger draws comparison with the following semantic parallelism in Tibetan: རོལ་མོ (rol mo, “music”) and རོལ (rol, “to enjoy; to amuse oneself; to play”).
Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • 5hhiaq - “music”;
  • 5ngoq - only in the placename 樂清 in Zhejiang.
Rime
Character 樂
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 覺 (10)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠʌk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚɔk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋɔk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaɨwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ŋɔk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ŋɔk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋɔk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yuè
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 樂
Reading # 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yuè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngæwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ]ˤrawk/
English music

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 樂
Reading # 3/3
No. 7683
Phonetic
component		 樂
Rime
group		 藥
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 嶽
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋraːwɢ/

Definitions

樂

  1. music; tune; melody; song
    音樂 / 音乐  ―  yīnyuè  ―  music
  2. † to play music; to sing
  3. † musical instrument
  4. Short for 樂經／乐经 (Yuèjīng, “Classic of Music”).
  5. A surname​.

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 樂
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 盧各切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lak̚/
Li
Rong		 /lɑk̚/
Wang
Li		 /lɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 luò
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 樂
Reading # 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lak ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]ˤawk/
English joy; enjoy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 樂
Reading # 2/3
No. 7673
Phonetic
component		 樂
Rime
group		 藥
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 落
Old
Chinese		 /*raːwɢ/

Definitions

樂

  1. joyful; happy; glad
  2. enjoyable; fun
  3. happiness; joy; pleasure
    樂趣 / 乐趣  ―  lèqù  ―  delight; pleasure
  4. † lasciviousness; lechery; decadence
  5. to laugh; to smile
  6. to enjoy; to love
  7. 24th tetragram of the Taixuanjing
  8. A surname​.

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Rime
Character 樂
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五敎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠauH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚauH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋauH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaɨwH/
Li
Rong		 /ŋauH/
Wang
Li		 /ŋauH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋauH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yào
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 樂
Reading # 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngæwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ]ˤrawk-s/
English cause to rejoice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 樂
Reading # 1/3
No. 7670
Phonetic
component		 樂
Rime
group		 豹
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 樂
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋraːwɢs/

Definitions

樂

  1. † to be fond of; to enjoy; to appreciate

Compounds

Pronunciation 4

Definitions

樂

  1. Used in placenames.
    樂亭 / 乐亭  ―  Làotíng  ―  Laoting County, Hebei Province
    樂陵 / 乐陵  ―  Làolíng  ―  Laoling, Shandong Province

Pronunciation 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 樂 – see 療 (“to treat; to cure; to heal; therapy; treatment”).
(This character, 樂, is a variant form of 療.)

Pronunciation 6

Definitions

樂

  1. Used in certain words.

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

 楽

Kyūjitai

 樂

Kanji

樂

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 楽)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

樂 (eumhun 노래 악 (norae ak))

  1. music; tune; melody; song

Etymology 2

Hanja

樂 (eumhun 즐길 락 (jeulgil rak), South Korea 즐길 낙 (jeulgil nak))

  1. happiness; joy; pleasure

Etymology 3

Hanja

樂 (eumhun 좋아할 요 (joahal yo))

  1. to be fond of; to enjoy; to appreciate

Vietnamese

Han character

樂 (lạc, nhạc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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