肴

See also: 餚
肴 U+80B4, 肴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80B4
← 肳
[U+80B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肵 →
[U+80B5]

Translingual

Han character

肴 (radical 130 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大大月 (KKB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿱㐅有)

  1. cooked or prepared meat

References

  • KangXi: page 976, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29322
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1427, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2049, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+80B4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崤 *ɢaːw, *ɢraːw
郩 *qaːwʔ
敎 *kraːw, *kraːws
較 *kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ
肴 *ɢraːw
淆 *ɢraːw
倄 *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
爻 *ɢraːw
餚 *ɢraːw
殽 *ɢraːw
笅 *ɢraːw
駁 *praːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢraːw) : phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – meat dishes. The character 爻 also has meaning of “cut, divided, sliced”, so connotations of “sliced meat, prepared meat”.

Current form resembles 乂 + 有 – the lower 乂 of 爻 has moved to the side and down.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 肴

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hâu - literary;
  • gâu/ngâu - vernacular (俗).
Rime
Character 肴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡茅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠau/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚau/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣau/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨw/
Li
Rong		 /ɣau/
Wang
Li		 /ɣau/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣau/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiáo
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yáo
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hæw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤraw/
English food

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肴
Reading # 1/1
No. 14645
Phonetic
component		 爻
Rime
group		 宵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 肴
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢraːw/

Definitions

肴

  1. prepared meat
Compounds
  • 溷肴
  • 美酒佳肴
  • 肴蔌

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 肴 – see 餚 (“prepared meat; food”).
(This character, 肴, is the simplified form of 餚.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

肴

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

肴, 魚 (sakana): a side dish served with alcoholic beverages.
Kanji in this term
肴
さかな
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Compound of Old Japanese elements 酒 (saka, “sake, rice wine”, old combining form of modern sake reading) +‎ 菜 (na, “side dish”).[1][2][3] Likely source of Okinawan さかな (sakana).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

肴 (hiragana さかな, rōmaji sakana)

  1. fish
  2. a side dish served with alcoholic beverages: not necessarily fish, may be a vegetable or other meat
  3. entertainment at a drinking party
Usage notes

The fish sense is more commonly spelled 魚.

Idioms

Etymology 2

肴 (na): fish as a side dish.
Kanji in this term
肴
な
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Also spelled variously in kanji in modern Japanese as 肴 (for meat or fish), 菜 (for vegetables), 魚 (for fish).[1]

This reading appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

肴 (hiragana な, rōmaji na)

  1. a side dish, be it meat or fish or greens
Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

肴 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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