成都

Chinese

		finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth	metropolis; capital city; all metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already
simp. and trad. (成都)		成	都

Etymology

May be the transcription of a native non-Chinese word.

Alternatively, the name may be derived from its status as the new capital of Shu under the ninth king of its Kaiming dynasty, supposedly in homage to King Tai of Zhou's statement that a new settlement needed one year to become a town, two to become a city, and three to become a metropolis (一年而所居成聚，二年成邑，三年成都).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Chéngdū

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ

(Chengdu, SP): Cen² du¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴ dou¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sṳ̀n-tû
Min Dong (BUC): Sìng-dŭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Sêng-to͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ dou¹
Wu (Wiktionary): zen tu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Chéngdū
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Cherngdu
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: Cen² du¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Cendu
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁴ dou¹
  - Yale: sìhng dōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ dou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ dou¹
  - IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sṳ̀n-tû
  - Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ du´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin² du¹
  - IPA: /sɨn¹¹ tu²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Sìng-dŭ
  - IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)nu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sêng-to͘
  - Tâi-lô: Sîng-too
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengdof
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵ dou¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng tou
  - IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: zen tu (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /z̻əɲ²² tv̩ʷ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiᴇŋ tuo/▼

Rime
Character	成	都
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	是征切	當孤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/	/tuo/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/	/tuo/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæŋ/	/to/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajŋ/	/tɔ/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛŋ/	/to/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛŋ/	/tu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/	/tuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng	dū

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ tˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*djeŋ taː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	成	都
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng	dū
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyeng ›	‹ tu ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]eŋ/	/*tˤa/
English	to become (v.i.)	capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	成	都
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1417	16968
Phonetic component	成	者
Rime group	耕	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	成	都
Old Chinese	/*djeŋ/	/*taː/
Notes	說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎，或表戈已製成

Proper noun

成都

(～市) Chengdu, a prefecture-level city formerly the capital of the kingdom of Shu and now the capital of the province of Sichuan

Synonyms

(informal or literary nicknames): 龜城／龟城 (Guīchéng), 錦城／锦城 (Jǐnchéng), 蓉城 (Róngchéng); 錦官城／锦官城 (Jǐnguānchéng) (obsolete)
(historical): 西京 (Xījīng) (at fall of Ming)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
成	都
せい Grade: 4	と Grade: 3
on’yomi

Proper noun

成都 (hiragana せいと, rōmaji Seito)

Chengdu

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