嘆

See also: 叹 and 歎
嘆 U+5606, 嘆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5606
← 嘅
[U+5605] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 嘇 →
[U+5607]
嘆 U+FA37, 嘆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA37
← 喝
[U+FA36] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 器 →
[U+FA38]
嘆 U+2F84C, 嘆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84C
← 圖
[U+2F84B] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 圗 →
[U+2F84D]

Translingual

Japanese 嘆
Simplified 叹
Traditional 嘆

Alternative forms

Note that in traditional Chinese, the component for this character is written with 廿 on top while in Japanese shinjitai, the component is written with 艹 on top and has one stroke less. In simplified Chinese, the component is simplified to 又 instead.

Han character

嘆 (radical 30 口+11 in Chinese, 口+10 in Japanese, in Chinese 14 strokes, in Japanese 13 strokes, cangjie input 口廿中人 (RTLO), four-corner 64034, composition ⿰口𦰩(GHTKV) or ⿰口⿱艹⿻口夫(J))

References

  • KangXi: page 205, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4138
  • Dae Jaweon: page 427, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 673, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5606

Usage notes

In classical Chinese, this character is used interchangeably with 歎 to express a sigh or lament.

Chinese

trad. 嘆/歎
simp. 叹*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
儺 *naːl
臡 *naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆 *n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹 *n̥ʰaːn
攤 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱 *n̥ʰaːn
歎 *n̥ʰaːns
難 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵 *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯 *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢 *hnaːns
戁 *rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 嘆 嘆
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 寒 (61) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 他干切 他旦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰan/ /tʰanH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tān tàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 嘆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thanH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ˤar-s/
English sigh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 嘆 嘆
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4890 4895
Phonetic
component		 暵 暵
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 灘 炭
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ʰaːn/ /*n̥ʰaːns/

Definitions

嘆

  1. to sigh
  2. (grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”).
  3. to chant
  4. to praise
  5. (Cantonese) to enjoy

Compounds

  • 嘖嘖讚嘆／啧啧赞叹
  • 對天長嘆／对天长叹
  • 廢然長嘆／废然长叹
  • 廣武嘆／广武叹
  • 怨嘆／怨叹
  • 悲嘆／悲叹 (bēitàn)
  • 惋嘆／惋叹
  • 感嘆／感叹 (gǎntàn)
  • 感嘆句／感叹句
  • 感嘆詞／感叹词 (gǎntàncí)
  • 慨嘆／慨叹
  • 拍桌驚嘆／拍桌惊叹
  • 搖頭嘆息／摇头叹息

Japanese

Kanji

嘆

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 嘆)

  1. sigh
  2. lament
  3. moan
  4. grieve

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
嘆
たん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 嘆 (MC tʰɑn, tʰɑnH).

Noun

嘆 (hiragana たん, rōmaji tan)

  1. sigh

Korean

Hanja

嘆 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

嘆 (thán, han, thăn, than, hen, thơn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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