가

가 U+AC00, 가
HANGUL SYLLABLE GA
Composition:ㄱ + ㅏ
Dubeolsik input:r-k
[unassigned: U+ABFA–U+ABFF]
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[U+AC01]

Korean

Etymology 1

가각갂갃간갅갆
갇갈갉갊갋갌갍
갎갏감갑값갓갔
강갖갗갘같갚갛
→ 개

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ka̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? ka

Symbol

가 • (ga)

  1. A Hangul syllabic block made up of ㄱ and ㅏ. The first syllable of the hangul writing system. Often used to mark the first item of a list or sub-list.

Etymology 2

First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆺ (kos).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key)[ka̠ː]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? kā

Noun

가 • (ga)

  1. (often as a suffix) bound, edge, end, margin, rim, side, verge, brink
Synonyms
  • (bound, edge, end): 가장자리 (gajangjari), 변두리 (byeonduri), 언저리 (eonjeori)
Antonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Unknown. It was not attested in texts from the 15th century, and its first attestation has been variously placed at 1572 CE[1] or mid-17th century[2]. It was initially a subject particle, of limited distribution and used in a complementary manner to —이 (i). The development of its usage is as follows:[3]

  1. Since the mid-17th century: used after nouns ending in -i or -y,
    e.g. pwuli-ka ("mouth"), nay-ka ("scent"), poy-ka ("boat");
  2. Since the mid-18th century: used after nouns ending in vowels/semivowels other than -i,
    e.g. ca-ka ("one who"), soyngswo-ka, nwongso-ka ("farm work");
  3. During the end of the 18th century: used briefly in the form of double particle -i/yka after nouns ending in vowels/semivowels other than -i,
    e.g. to-yka ("road"), inkwu-yka ("population"), nwongso-yka ("farm work").

Various theories exist regarding its origin:

  1. Developed from the interrogative particle —가 (ga);[4]
  2. Developed from the vocative case particle —하 (ha)/—아 (a);[5]
  3. Developed from the connective ending —다가 (daga);[6]
  4. Developed from the verb 가— (ga, “to go”);[7]
  5. Borrowed from the Japanese nominative particle が (ga).[8]

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ka̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? ka

Particle

가 • (ga)

  1. Indicates the subject of a sentence.
  2. Indicates the subjective complement of a sentence, usually used with 되다 (doeda, “become”) or 아니다 (anida, “be not”).
Usage notes
  • 가 (ga) indicates the subject of the verb in the sentence, as opposed to the object, which *를 (reul) indicates. See also 는 (neun), which indicates the topic of the sentence.
  • 가 (ga) is used only after words ending with a vowel. After words ending with a consonant, 이 (i) is used instead.
Synonyms
See also

Etymology 4

Korean reading of various Chinese characters

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ka̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? ka
  • IPA(key)[ka̠ː]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? kā

Noun

가 • (ga)

  1. (家): family, house
  2. (價): price, value
  3. (假): falsehood

Suffix

—가 • (-ga)

  1. (街): street
    • 종로3가
      Jongno 3(sam)-ga
      "The 3rd Jongno Street"

Syllable

가 • (ga)

  1. 仮: lie
    (eumhun reading: 거짓 가 (geojit ga))
  2. 伽: temple
    (eumhun reading: 절 가 (jeol ga))
  3. 佳: beautiful
    (eumhun reading: 아름다울 가 (areumdaul ga))
  4. 假: lie
    (eumhun reading: 거짓 가 (geojit ga))
  5. 傢: furniture
    (eumhun reading: 가구 가 (gagu ga))
  6. 價: price
    (eumhun reading: 값 가 (gap ga))
  7. 加: to add
    (eumhun reading: 더할 가 (deohal ga))
  8. 可: right;able
    (eumhun reading: 옳을 가 (oreul ga))
  9. 呵:
  10. 咖:
  11. 哥:
  12. 哿:
  13. 嘉:
  14. 坷:
  15. 嫁:
  16. 宊:
  17. 家:
  18. 苛:
  19. 茄:
  20. 葭:
  21. 斝:
  22. 暇:
  23. 架:
  24. 枷:
  25. 柯:
  26. 榎:
  27. 檟:
  28. 歌:
  29. 珂:
  30. 珈:
  31. 迦:
  32. 痂:
  33. 稼:
  34. 笳:
  35. 耞:
  36. 舸:
  37. 街: street
    (eumhun reading: 거리 가 (geori ga))
  38. 袈:
  39. 訶:
  40. 謌:
  41. 賈:
  42. 跏:
  43. 軻:
  44. 駕:
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Infinitive of 가다 (gada, “to go”).

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ka̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? ka

Verb

가 • (ga) (infinitive of 가다)

  1. connective form of 가다 (gada, “to go”): because of going, upon going.
  2. informal form of 가다 (gada, “to go”): go (indicative/interrogative/imperative), let's go
Synonyms
  • (infinitive of 가다, because of going, upon going): 가서 (gaseo)

Etymology 6

Noun

가 • (ga)

  1. la (musical note)

References

  1. ↑ 洪允杓, 主格語尾 「-가」에 대하여, 國語學 제3집, 1975.12, 65-91.
  2. ↑ 고광모, 주격조사 ‘-가’의 발달, 사단법인 한국언어학회 2013년 겨울학술대회 발표논문집, 2013.12, 69-78.
  3. ↑ 홍윤표, 近代國語硏究(Ⅰ), 태학사, 1994, pp. 412-413.
  4. ↑ 이숭녕, 주격(主格) '가'의 발달(發達)과 그 해석(解釋), 국어국문학 제19권, 1958.6, 53-57.
  5. ↑ 辛兌鉉, 鷄林類事·華夷譯語의 朝鮮 古語 續考, 한글, 1941.3, 9-2(통권84), pp. 1-2.
  6. ↑ Ramstedt, G.J., Studies in Korean Etymology, 1949, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
  7. ↑ 李承旭, 副動詞의 虛辭化, 진단학보, (51), 1981, 183-202.
  8. ↑ 鄭光, 主格 ‘가’의 發達에 대하여: 近代國語資料의 解釋을 中心으로, 우리문화, 2.
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