猿

See also: 猨
猿 U+733F, 猿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-733F
← 猾
[U+733E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 獀 →
[U+7340]

Translingual

Han character

猿 (radical 94, 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹土口女 (KHGRV), four-corner 44232, composition ⿰犭袁)

References

  • KangXi: page 716, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20584
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1361, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+733F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 猿
alt. forms 猨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (袁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
薳 *ɢʷalʔ
袁 *ɢʷan
園 *ɢʷan
轅 *ɢʷan
猿 *ɢʷan
榬 *ɢʷan
溒 *ɢʷan
遠 *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n (“monkey”).

Alternatively, the root may be Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *swaaʔ (“monkey”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 猿
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 雨元切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦuan/
Li
Rong		 /ɣiuɐn/
Wang
Li		 /ɣĭwɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yuán
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 猿
Reading # 1/1
No. 16223
Phonetic
component		 袁
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 袁
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢʷan/
Notes 俗猨字見山海經

Definitions

猿

  1. ape

Compounds

  • 人猿
  • 人猿泰山
  • 人猿科
  • 元謀猿人／元谋猿人
  • 吼猿
  • 巨猿
  • 心猿意馬／心猿意马 (xīnyuán-yìmǎ)
  • 意馬心猿／意马心猿
  • 拉瑪猿／拉玛猿
  • 檻猿籠鳥／槛猿笼鸟
  • 狐媚猿攀
  • 猿人 (yuánrén)
  • 猿猴 (yuánhóu)
  • 猿猴取月
  • 猿科
  • 猿穴壞山／猿穴坏山
  • 猿腸寸斷／猿肠寸断
  • 猿臂
  • 猿鶴沙蟲／猿鹤沙虫
  • 猿鶴蟲沙／猿鹤虫沙
  • 白猿
  • 白猿傳／白猿传
  • 窮猿失木／穷猿失木
  • 窮猿奔林／穷猿奔林

See also

Japanese

Kanji

猿

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. monkey

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

猿 (saru, mashi, mashira): a monkey, specifically a Japanese macaque.
Kanji in this term
猿
さる
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Ultimate derivation possibly borrowed from Ainu サロ (saro, “monkey”, from サㇻ (sar, “a tail”) + オ (o, “to bear, to wear, to carry”)).[1]

The kanji is from Chinese 猿 (“ape”). Compare Japanese 猪 (inoshishi, “boar”) from Chinese 猪 (“pig”) and Japanese 豚 (buta, “pig”) from Chinese 豚 (“suckling pig”).

Pronunciation

Noun

猿 (hiragana さる, katakana サル, rōmaji saru)

  1. a monkey (primate)
    • 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (page 10 (back))
      猕猴 二字合訓佐流
  2. Short for 日本猿 (Nihonzaru, “Japanese macaque”).
  3. (loosely) an ape (animal)
    猿 (さる)の惑 (わく)星 (せい)　創世記 (ジェネシス)
    Saru no Wakusei Jeneshisu
    Planet of the Apes: Genesis
    猿 (さる)の惑 (わく)星 (せい)　新世紀 (ライジング)
    Saru no Wakusei Raijingu
    Planet of the Apes: Rising
    猿 (さる)の惑 (わく)星 (せい)　聖戦記 (グレート・ウォー)
    Saru no Wakusei Gurēto Wō
    Planet of the Apes: Great War
    • 1988 July 30 [Jul 25 1984], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世せ界かい名めい作さく童どう話わ第だい３巻かん うらしま太た郎ろう [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 3: Urashima Tarō]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), volume 2 (fiction, in Japanese), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 117:
      地 (ち)球 (きゅう)は、サルのわく星になっていましたとさ。
      Chikyū wa, saru no wakusei ni natte imashita to sa.
      Meanwhile, Earth became the planet of the apes.
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as サル.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
猿
まし
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese [Term?]. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, used phonetically to spell the sound /masi/.

Ultimate derivation unknown.

Pronunciation

Noun

猿 (hiragana まし, rōmaji mashi)

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) a monkey
Usage notes

This form seems to be used less often than mashira below.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
猿
ましら
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Derived from earlier mashi form above. Found in texts from the early 1900s, possibly earlier. Appears to be mashi + the pluralizing and genericizing suffix ら (ra).

Pronunciation

Noun

猿 (hiragana ましら, rōmaji mashira)

  1. (archaic) a monkey

References

  1. ↑ John Batchelor, (1905), An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language), Tokyo: Methodist Publishing House, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.
  2. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1 2 3 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1079) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 12: Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

猿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

猿 (viên, vượn, ươi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Nôm: viên, vượn

References

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
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