山東
See also: 山东
Chinese
| mountain; hill | east | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (山東) | 山 | 東 | |
| simp. (山东) | 山 | 东 | |
| anagram | 東山／东山 | ||
| Literally: “east of the mountain”. | |||
Etymology
- Shandong
- So named as it lies on the east of the Taihang Mountains.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): saan1 dung1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sân-tûng
- Min Dong (BUC): Săng-dĕ̤ng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): se ton (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shandong
- IPA (key): /ʂa̠n⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: saan1 dung1
- Yale: sāan dūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: saan1 dung1
- Guangdong Romanization: san1 dung1
- IPA (key): /sɑːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sân-tûng
- Hakka Romanization System: san´ dung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: san1 dung1
- IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-tang
- Tâi-lô: Suann-tang
- Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'dafng
- IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ taŋ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: suan1 dang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ tang
- IPA (key): /sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: se ton (T1)
- IPA (key): /se̞⁵⁵ tʊŋ²¹/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 山 | 東 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 所閒切 | 德紅切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʃˠɛn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʃᵚæn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʃæn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʂəɨn/ | /təwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʃɛn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʃæn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʂăn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shān | dōng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 山 | 東 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shān | dōng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ srɛn › | ‹ tuwng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-ŋrar/ | /*tˤoŋ/ (< *tˤoŋʔ ?) |
| English | mountain, hill | east |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 山 | 東 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11052 | 2435 |
| Phonetic component |
山 | 東 |
| Rime group |
元 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
山 | 東 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sreːn/ | /*toːŋ/ |
| Notes | 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注 | |
Proper noun
山東
- (～省) Shandong (a province of China)
- (historical, specifically) the area to the east of Hangu Pass
- (historical, specifically) the area to the east of the Taihang Mountains
- (historical, specifically) the area to the east of Mount Hua
Derived terms
Noun
山東
- east of the mountain (in general)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 山 | 東 |
| さん Grade: 1 |
とう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi | |
Proper noun
山東 (hiragana さんとう, rōmaji Santō)
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