額

See also: 额
額 U+984D, 額
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-984D
← 題
[U+984C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 顎 →
[U+984E]

Translingual

Han character

額 (radical 181 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 1406, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4384, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+984D

Chinese

trad. 額
simp. 额
alt. forms 頟

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡraːɡ) : phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).

This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).

The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngah), is unclear.

Pronunciation

Note: ngaak6-2 - “top part, board, amount”.
Note:
  • ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
  • ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.
Note:
  • hia̍h - vernacular (“forehead, top part, board”);
  • gia̍h - vernacular (“amount”);
  • ge̍k/gia̍k - literary.
Rime
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五陌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ŋɐk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ŋɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 è
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 é
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngæk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.ŋˤrak/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
English forehead

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
No. 3906
Phonetic
component		 各
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 額
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋɡraːɡ/
Notes 說文作頟

Definitions

額

  1. (anatomy) forehead
  2. (figuratively) top part
  3. (figuratively) horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
  4. amount; quantity; number

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

額

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
額
ひたい
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

額 (hiragana ひたい, rōmaji hitai, historical hiragana ひたひ)

  1. forehead
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
額
がく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 額 (ngæk).

Pronunciation

Noun

額 (hiragana がく, rōmaji gaku)

  1. framed picture
  2. sum, amount
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
額
ぬか
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

額 (hiragana ぬか, rōmaji nuka)

  1. forehead
  2. kowtowing
Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

額 • (aek) (hangeul 액, revised aek, McCune–Reischauer aek, Yale ayk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

額 (ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.