nuka

See also: Nuka

Greenlandic

Noun

nuka

younger sibling of someone of equal gender

Japanese

Romanization

nuka

Rōmaji transcription of ぬか

Swahili

Verb

-nuka (infinitive kunuka)

(intransitive) smell, stink

Conjugation

Conjugation of -nuka

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kunuka

kutonuka

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

nuka

nukeni

Habitual

hunuka

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilinuka nalinuka	tulinuka twalinuka	ulinuka walinuka	mlinuka mwalinuka	alinuka	walinuka	ulinuka	ilinuka	lilinuka	yalinuka	kilinuka	vilinuka	ilinuka	zilinuka	ulinuka	kulinuka	palinuka	mulinuka
Relative	nilionuka nalionuka	tulionuka twalionuka	ulionuka walionuka	mlionuka mwalionuka	alionuka	walionuka	ulionuka	ilionuka	lilionuka	yalionuka	kilionuka	vilionuka	ilionuka	zilionuka	ulionuka	kulionuka	palionuka	mulionuka
Negative	sikunuka	hatukunuka	hukunuka	hamkunuka	hakunuka	hawakunuka	haukunuka	haikunuka	halikunuka	hayakunuka	hakikunuka	havikunuka	haikunuka	hazikunuka	haukunuka	hakukunuka	hapakunuka	hamukunuka

Present
Positive	ninanuka nanuka	tunanuka	unanuka	mnanuka	ananuka	wananuka	unanuka	inanuka	linanuka	yananuka	kinanuka	vinanuka	inanuka	zinanuka	unanuka	kunanuka	pananuka	munanuka
Relative	ninaonuka naonuka	tunaonuka	unaonuka	mnaonuka	anaonuka	wanaonuka	unaonuka	inaonuka	linaonuka	yanaonuka	kinaonuka	vinaonuka	inaonuka	zinaonuka	unaonuka	kunaonuka	panaonuka	munaonuka
Negative	sinuki	hatunuki	hunuki	hamnuki	hanuki	hawanuki	haunuki	hainuki	halinuki	hayanuki	hakinuki	havinuki	hainuki	hazinuki	haunuki	hakunuki	hapanuki	hamunuki

Future
Positive	nitanuka	tutanuka	utanuka	mtanuka	atanuka	watanuka	utanuka	itanuka	litanuka	yatanuka	kitanuka	vitanuka	itanuka	zitanuka	utanuka	kutanuka	patanuka	mutanuka
Relative	nitakaonuka	tutakaonuka	utakaonuka	mtakaonuka	atakaonuka	watakaonuka	utakaonuka	itakaonuka	litakaonuka	yatakaonuka	kitakaonuka	vitakaonuka	itakaonuka	zitakaonuka	utakaonuka	kutakaonuka	patakaonuka	mutakaonuka
Negative	sitanuka	hatutanuka	hutanuka	hamtanuka	hatanuka	hawatanuka	hautanuka	haitanuka	halitanuka	hayatanuka	hakitanuka	havitanuka	haitanuka	hazitanuka	hautanuka	hakutanuka	hapatanuka	hamutanuka

Subjunctive
Positive	ninuke	tunuke	unuke	mnuke	anuke	wanuke	unuke	inuke	linuke	yanuke	kinuke	vinuke	inuke	zinuke	unuke	kunuke	panuke	munuke
Negative	nisinuke	tusinuke	usinuke	msinuke	asinuke	wasinuke	usinuke	isinuke	lisinuke	yasinuke	kisinuke	visinuke	isinuke	zisinuke	usinuke	kusinuke	pasinuke	musinuke

Present Conditional
Positive	ningenuka	tungenuka	ungenuka	mngenuka	angenuka	wangenuka	ungenuka	ingenuka	lingenuka	yangenuka	kingenuka	vingenuka	ingenuka	zingenuka	ungenuka	kungenuka	pangenuka	mungenuka
Negative	nisingenuka singenuka	tusingenuka hatungenuka	usingenuka hungenuka	msingenuka hamngenuka	asingenuka hangenuka	wasingenuka hawangenuka	usingenuka haungenuka	isingenuka haingenuka	lisingenuka halingenuka	yasingenuka hayangenuka	kisingenuka hakingenuka	visingenuka havingenuka	isingenuka haingenuka	zisingenuka hazingenuka	usingenuka haungenuka	kusingenuka hakungenuka	pasingenuka hapangenuka	musingenuka hamungenuka

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalinuka	tungalinuka	ungalinuka	mngalinuka	angalinuka	wangalinuka	ungalinuka	ingalinuka	lingalinuka	yangalinuka	kingalinuka	vingalinuka	ingalinuka	zingalinuka	ungalinuka	kungalinuka	pangalinuka	mungalinuka
Negative	nisingalinuka singalinuka	tusingalinuka hatungalinuka	usingalinuka hungalinuka	msingalinuka hamngalinuka	asingalinuka hangalinuka	wasingalinuka hawangalinuka	usingalinuka haungalinuka	isingalinuka haingalinuka	lisingalinuka halingalinuka	yasingalinuka hayangalinuka	kisingalinuka hakingalinuka	visingalinuka havingalinuka	isingalinuka haingalinuka	zisingalinuka hazingalinuka	usingalinuka haungalinuka	kusingalinuka hakungalinuka	pasingalinuka hapangalinuka	musingalinuka hamungalinuka

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelinuka	tungelinuka	ungelinuka	mngelinuka	angelinuka	wangelinuka	ungelinuka	ingelinuka	lingelinuka	yangelinuka	kingelinuka	vingelinuka	ingelinuka	zingelinuka	ungelinuka	kungelinuka	pangelinuka	mungelinuka

General Relative
Positive	ninukao	tunukao	unukao	mnukao	anukao	wanukao	unukao	inukao	linukao	yanukao	kinukao	vinukao	inukao	zinukao	unukao	kunukao	panukao	munukao
Negative	nisionuka	tusionuka	usionuka	msionuka	asionuka	wasionuka	usionuka	isionuka	lisionuka	yasionuka	kisionuka	visionuka	isionuka	zisionuka	usionuka	kusionuka	pasionuka	musionuka

Gnomic
Positive	nanuka	twanuka	wanuka	mwanuka	anuka	wanuka	wanuka	yanuka	lanuka	yanuka	chanuka	vyanuka	yanuka	zanuka	wanuka	kwanuka	panuka	mwanuka

Perfect
Positive	nimenuka	tumenuka	umenuka	mmenuka	amenuka	wamenuka	umenuka	imenuka	limenuka	yamenuka	kimenuka	vimenuka	imenuka	zimenuka	umenuka	kumenuka	pamenuka	mumenuka

"Already"
Positive	nimeshanuka	tumeshanuka	umeshanuka	mmeshanuka	ameshanuka	wameshanuka	umeshanuka	imeshanuka	limeshanuka	yameshanuka	kimeshanuka	vimeshanuka	imeshanuka	zimeshanuka	umeshanuka	kumeshanuka	pameshanuka	mumeshanuka

"Not yet"
Negative	sijanuka	hatujanuka	hujanuka	hamjanuka	hajanuka	hawajanuka	haujanuka	haijanuka	halijanuka	hayajanuka	hakijanuka	havijanuka	haijanuka	hazijanuka	haujanuka	hakujanuka	hapajanuka	hamujanuka

"If/When"
Positive	nikinuka	tukinuka	ukinuka	mkinuka	akinuka	wakinuka	ukinuka	ikinuka	likinuka	yakinuka	kikinuka	vikinuka	ikinuka	zikinuka	ukinuka	kukinuka	pakinuka	mukinuka

"If not"
Negative	nisiponuka	tusiponuka	usiponuka	msiponuka	asiponuka	wasiponuka	usiponuka	isiponuka	lisiponuka	yasiponuka	kisiponuka	visiponuka	isiponuka	zisiponuka	usiponuka	kusiponuka	pasiponuka	musiponuka

Consecutive
Positive	nikanuka	tukanuka	ukanuka	mkanuka	akanuka	wakanuka	ukanuka	ikanuka	likanuka	yakanuka	kikanuka	vikanuka	ikanuka	zikanuka	ukanuka	kukanuka	pakanuka	mukanuka

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -nukia (“smell good”)

Waray-Waray

Noun

nuka

(anatomy) scab

Xhosa

Verb

-nuka^?

to smell, to stink
Synonym: -joja

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Verb

-nuka^?

(intransitive) to smell (have a particular odour)
(transitive) to smell (detect the odour of)

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukunuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukunuka	ukunganuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	nuka	nuke
Plural	nukani	nukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyanuka, nginuka	enginukayo, enginuka	nginuka	anginuki	enginganuki	nginganuki
2nd singular	uyanuka, unuka	onukayo, onuka	unuka	awunuki	onganuki	unganuki
1st plural	siyanuka, sinuka	esinukayo, esinuka	sinuka	asinuki	esinganuki	singanuki
2nd plural	niyanuka, ninuka	eninukayo, eninuka	ninuka	aninuki	eninganuki	ninganuki
Class 1	uyanuka, unuka	onukayo, onuka	enuka	akanuki	onganuki	enganuki
Class 2	bayanuka, banuka	abanukayo, abanuka	benuka	abanuki	abanganuki	benganuki
Class 3	uyanuka, unuka	onukayo, onuka	unuka	awunuki	onganuki	unganuki
Class 4	iyanuka, inuka	enukayo, enuka	inuka	ayinuki	enganuki	inganuki
Class 5	liyanuka, linuka	elinukayo, elinuka	linuka	alinuki	elinganuki	linganuki
Class 6	ayanuka, anuka	anukayo, anuka	enuka	awanuki	anganuki	enganuki
Class 7	siyanuka, sinuka	esinukayo, esinuka	sinuka	asinuki	esinganuki	singanuki
Class 8	ziyanuka, zinuka	ezinukayo, ezinuka	zinuka	azinuki	ezinganuki	zinganuki
Class 9	iyanuka, inuka	enukayo, enuka	inuka	ayinuki	enganuki	inganuki
Class 10	ziyanuka, zinuka	ezinukayo, ezinuka	zinuka	azinuki	ezinganuki	zinganuki
Class 11	luyanuka, lunuka	olunukayo, olunuka	lunuka	alunuki	olunganuki	lunganuki
Class 14	buyanuka, bunuka	obunukayo, obunuka	bunuka	abunuki	obunganuki	bunganuki
Class 15	kuyanuka, kunuka	okunukayo, okunuka	kunuka	akunuki	okunganuki	kunganuki
Class 17	kuyanuka, kunuka	okunukayo, okunuka	kunuka	akunuki	okunganuki	kunganuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	nginukile, nginukē	enginukile, enginukē	nginukile, nginukē	anginukanga	enginganukanga	nginganukanga
2nd singular	unukile, unukē	onukile, onukē	unukile, unukē	awunukanga	onganukanga	unganukanga
1st plural	sinukile, sinukē	esinukile, esinukē	sinukile, sinukē	asinukanga	esinganukanga	singanukanga
2nd plural	ninukile, ninukē	eninukile, eninukē	ninukile, ninukē	aninukanga	eninganukanga	ninganukanga
Class 1	unukile, unukē	onukile, onukē	enukile, enukē	akanukanga	onganukanga	enganukanga
Class 2	banukile, banukē	abanukile, abanukē	benukile, benukē	abanukanga	abanganukanga	benganukanga
Class 3	unukile, unukē	onukile, onukē	unukile, unukē	awunukanga	onganukanga	unganukanga
Class 4	inukile, inukē	enukile, enukē	inukile, inukē	ayinukanga	enganukanga	inganukanga
Class 5	linukile, linukē	elinukile, elinukē	linukile, linukē	alinukanga	elinganukanga	linganukanga
Class 6	anukile, anukē	anukile, anukē	enukile, enukē	awanukanga	anganukanga	enganukanga
Class 7	sinukile, sinukē	esinukile, esinukē	sinukile, sinukē	asinukanga	esinganukanga	singanukanga
Class 8	zinukile, zinukē	ezinukile, ezinukē	zinukile, zinukē	azinukanga	ezinganukanga	zinganukanga
Class 9	inukile, inukē	enukile, enukē	inukile, inukē	ayinukanga	enganukanga	inganukanga
Class 10	zinukile, zinukē	ezinukile, ezinukē	zinukile, zinukē	azinukanga	ezinganukanga	zinganukanga
Class 11	lunukile, lunukē	olunukile, olunukē	lunukile, lunukē	alunukanga	olunganukanga	lunganukanga
Class 14	bunukile, bunukē	obunukile, obunukē	bunukile, bunukē	abunukanga	obunganukanga	bunganukanga
Class 15	kunukile, kunukē	okunukile, okunukē	kunukile, kunukē	akunukanga	okunganukanga	kunganukanga
Class 17	kunukile, kunukē	okunukile, okunukē	kunukile, kunukē	akunukanga	okunganukanga	kunganukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngānuka	engānuka	ngānuka	anginukanga	enginganukanga	nginganukanga
2nd singular	wānuka	owānuka	wānuka	awunukanga	onganukanga	unganukanga
1st plural	sānuka	esānuka	sānuka	asinukanga	esinganukanga	singanukanga
2nd plural	nānuka	enānuka	nānuka	aninukanga	eninganukanga	ninganukanga
Class 1	wānuka	owānuka	ānuka	akanukanga	onganukanga	enganukanga
Class 2	bānuka	abānuka	bānuka	abanukanga	abanganukanga	benganukanga
Class 3	wānuka	owānuka	wānuka	awunukanga	onganukanga	unganukanga
Class 4	yānuka	eyānuka	yānuka	ayinukanga	enganukanga	inganukanga
Class 5	lānuka	elānuka	lānuka	alinukanga	elinganukanga	linganukanga
Class 6	ānuka	ānuka	ānuka	awanukanga	anganukanga	enganukanga
Class 7	sānuka	esānuka	sānuka	asinukanga	esinganukanga	singanukanga
Class 8	zānuka	ezānuka	zānuka	azinukanga	ezinganukanga	zinganukanga
Class 9	yānuka	eyānuka	yānuka	ayinukanga	enganukanga	inganukanga
Class 10	zānuka	ezānuka	zānuka	azinukanga	ezinganukanga	zinganukanga
Class 11	lwānuka	olwānuka	lwānuka	alunukanga	olunganukanga	lunganukanga
Class 14	bānuka	obānuka	bānuka	abunukanga	obunganukanga	bunganukanga
Class 15	kwānuka	okwānuka	kwānuka	akunukanga	okunganukanga	kunganukanga
Class 17	kwānuka	okwānuka	kwānuka	akunukanga	okunganukanga	kunganukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	nginganuka	—	nginganuka	ngingenuke	—	ngingenuke
2nd singular	unganuka	—	unganuka	ungenuke	—	ungenuke
1st plural	singanuka	—	singanuka	singenuke	—	singenuke
2nd plural	ninganuka	—	ninganuka	ningenuke	—	ningenuke
Class 1	anganuka	—	enganuka	angenuke	—	engenuke
Class 2	banganuka	—	benganuka	bangenuke	—	bengenuke
Class 3	unganuka	—	unganuka	ungenuke	—	ungenuke
Class 4	inganuka	—	inganuka	ingenuke	—	ingenuke
Class 5	linganuka	—	linganuka	lingenuke	—	lingenuke
Class 6	anganuka	—	enganuka	angenuke	—	engenuke
Class 7	singanuka	—	singanuka	singenuke	—	singenuke
Class 8	zinganuka	—	zinganuka	zingenuke	—	zingenuke
Class 9	inganuka	—	inganuka	ingenuke	—	ingenuke
Class 10	zinganuka	—	zinganuka	zingenuke	—	zingenuke
Class 11	lunganuka	—	lunganuka	lungenuke	—	lungenuke
Class 14	bunganuka	—	bunganuka	bungenuke	—	bungenuke
Class 15	kunganuka	—	kunganuka	kungenuke	—	kungenuke
Class 17	kunganuka	—	kunganuka	kungenuke	—	kungenuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizonuka	engizonuka	ngizonuka	angizunuka	—	ngingezunuka
2nd singular	uzonuka	ozonuka	uzonuka	awuzunuka	—	ungezunuka
1st plural	sizonuka	esizonuka	sizonuka	asizunuka	—	singezunuka
2nd plural	nizonuka	enizonuka	nizonuka	anizunuka	—	ningezunuka
Class 1	uzonuka	ozonuka	ezonuka	akazunuka	—	engezunuka
Class 2	bazonuka	abazonuka	bezonuka	abazunuka	—	bengezunuka
Class 3	uzonuka	ozonuka	uzonuka	awuzunuka	—	ungezunuka
Class 4	izonuka	ezonuka	izonuka	ayizunuka	—	ingezunuka
Class 5	lizonuka	elizonuka	lizonuka	alizunuka	—	lingezunuka
Class 6	azonuka	azonuka	ezonuka	awazunuka	—	engezunuka
Class 7	sizonuka	esizonuka	sizonuka	asizunuka	—	singezunuka
Class 8	zizonuka	ezizonuka	zizonuka	azizunuka	—	zingezunuka
Class 9	izonuka	ezonuka	izonuka	ayizunuka	—	ingezunuka
Class 10	zizonuka	ezizonuka	zizonuka	azizunuka	—	zingezunuka
Class 11	luzonuka	oluzonuka	luzonuka	aluzunuka	—	lungezunuka
Class 14	buzonuka	obuzonuka	buzonuka	abuzunuka	—	bungezunuka
Class 15	kuzonuka	okuzonuka	kuzonuka	akuzunuka	—	kungezunuka
Class 17	kuzonuka	okuzonuka	kuzonuka	akuzunuka	—	kungezunuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyonuka	engiyonuka	ngiyonuka	angiyunuka	—	ngingeyunuka
2nd singular	uyonuka	oyonuka	uyonuka	awuyunuka	—	ungeyunuka
1st plural	siyonuka	esiyonuka	siyonuka	asiyunuka	—	singeyunuka
2nd plural	niyonuka	eniyonuka	niyonuka	aniyunuka	—	ningeyunuka
Class 1	uyonuka	oyonuka	eyonuka	akayunuka	—	engeyunuka
Class 2	bayonuka	abayonuka	beyonuka	abayunuka	—	bengeyunuka
Class 3	uyonuka	oyonuka	uyonuka	awuyunuka	—	ungeyunuka
Class 4	iyonuka	eyonuka	iyonuka	ayiyunuka	—	ingeyunuka
Class 5	liyonuka	eliyonuka	liyonuka	aliyunuka	—	lingeyunuka
Class 6	ayonuka	ayonuka	eyonuka	awayunuka	—	engeyunuka
Class 7	siyonuka	esiyonuka	siyonuka	asiyunuka	—	singeyunuka
Class 8	ziyonuka	eziyonuka	ziyonuka	aziyunuka	—	zingeyunuka
Class 9	iyonuka	eyonuka	iyonuka	ayiyunuka	—	ingeyunuka
Class 10	ziyonuka	eziyonuka	ziyonuka	aziyunuka	—	zingeyunuka
Class 11	luyonuka	oluyonuka	luyonuka	aluyunuka	—	lungeyunuka
Class 14	buyonuka	obuyonuka	buyonuka	abuyunuka	—	bungeyunuka
Class 15	kuyonuka	okuyonuka	kuyonuka	akuyunuka	—	kungeyunuka
Class 17	kuyonuka	okuyonuka	kuyonuka	akuyunuka	—	kungeyunuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	nginuke	nginganuki
2nd singular	unuke	unganuki
1st plural	sinuke	singanuki
2nd plural	ninuke	ninganuki
Class 1	anuke	anganuki
Class 2	banuke	banganuki
Class 3	unuke	unganuki
Class 4	inuke	inganuki
Class 5	linuke	linganuki
Class 6	anuke	anganuki
Class 7	sinuke	singanuki
Class 8	zinuke	zinganuki
Class 9	inuke	inganuki
Class 10	zinuke	zinganuki
Class 11	lunuke	lunganuki
Class 14	bunuke	bunganuki
Class 15	kunuke	kunganuki
Class 17	kunuke	kunganuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	nganuka	anginuka
2nd singular	wanuka	awunuka
1st plural	sanuka	asinuka
2nd plural	nanuka	aninuka
Class 1	wanuka	akanuka
Class 2	banuka	abanuka
Class 3	wanuka	awunuka
Class 4	yanuka	ayinuka
Class 5	lanuka	alinuka
Class 6	anuka	awanuka
Class 7	sanuka	asinuka
Class 8	zanuka	azinuka
Class 9	yanuka	ayinuka
Class 10	zanuka	azinuka
Class 11	lwanuka	alunuka
Class 14	banuka	abunuka
Class 15	kwanuka	akunuka
Class 17	kwanuka	akunuka

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “nuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “nuka (6.3)”

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