芙蓉

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (芙蓉)		芙	蓉
alt. forms		夫容

芙蓉 (1).

Etymology

Possibly derived from a word meaning “to blossom”; compare 敷榮／敷荣 (fūróng, “to blossom”) (Zhang and Shen, 2014).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fúróng

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁴ jung⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pù-yùng
Min Dong (BUC): hù-ṳ̀ng
Min Nan (POJ): hû-iông / phû-iông / phû-jiông / phû-jêng
Wu (Wiktionary): vu hhion (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fúróng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwurong
  - IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu⁴ jung⁴
  - Yale: fùh yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁴ jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu⁴ yung⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pù-yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: buˇ iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bu² yung²
  - IPA: /pu¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pù-yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: buˇ (r)iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bu² yung²
  - IPA: /pu¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hù-ṳ̀ng
  - IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³⁻³³ yŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû-iông
  - Tâi-lô: hû-iông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hu'ioong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-iông
  - Tâi-lô: phû-iông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phu'ioong
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-jiông
  - Tâi-lô: phû-jiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phujioong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰu¹³⁻²² d͡ʑiɔŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-jêng
  - Tâi-lô: phû-jîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phujeeng
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: vu hhion (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /v̻v̩ʷ²² ɦi̯ʊŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /bɨo jɨoŋ/▼

Rime
Character	芙	蓉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	防無切	餘封切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨo/	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bio/	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bio/	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buə̆/	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/bio/	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭu/	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯u/	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú	yóng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ba loŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芙	蓉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3283	4287
Phonetic component	夫	谷
Rime group	魚	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	扶	容
Old Chinese	/*ba/	/*loŋ/
Notes	見爾雅	見離騷

Noun

芙蓉

cotton rose; hibiscus (Hibiscus mutabilis)
製芰荷以為衣兮，集芙蓉以為裳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
制芰荷以为衣兮，集芙蓉以为裳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
Zhì jìhé yǐwéi yī xī, jí fúróng yǐwéi shāng. [Pinyin]
I fashioned the flowers of the water-caltrops and lotus to adorn my upper garment; I collected those of the hibiscus for my lower one.
Alternative name for 荷花 (héhuā, “lotus”).

Synonyms

(hibiscus): 木槿 (mùjǐn), 拒霜 (jùshuāng), 舜華／舜华 (shùnhuá)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 芙蓉

並蒂芙蓉／并蒂芙蓉
出水芙蓉
初日芙蓉
初發芙蓉／初发芙蓉
山芙蓉
木芙蓉
水芙蓉
清水出芙蓉
玉芙蓉 (yùfúróng)
秋水芙蓉
芙蓉並蒂／芙蓉并蒂
芙蓉之精
芙蓉出水
芙蓉刃

芙蓉國／芙蓉国
芙蓉城
芙蓉帳／芙蓉帐
芙蓉幕
芙蓉府
芙蓉月印
芙蓉糕
芙蓉膏
芙蓉褥
芙蓉鏡／芙蓉镜
芙蓉面
草芙蓉
遠山芙蓉／远山芙蓉
阿芙蓉 (āfúróng)

Proper noun

芙蓉

(～區) Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
(～市) Seremban (Fu Yong), capital of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Fúróng

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁴ jung⁴
Min Nan (POJ): Phû-chhiûⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Fúróng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Fwurong
  - IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu⁴ jung⁴
  - Yale: fùh yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁴ jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu⁴ yung⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phû-chhiûⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: Phû-tshiûnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phuchviuu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiũ²⁴/

Proper noun

芙蓉

Alternative name for 梅山 (“Meishan Town, Nan'an, Fujian”).

Descendants

→ English: foo yung, foo young

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