狼

See also: 狠
狼 U+72FC, 狼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72FC
← 狻
[U+72FB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狽 →
[U+72FD]

Translingual

Han character

狼 (radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 43232, composition ⿰犭良)

References

  • KangXi: page 712, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1350, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+72FC

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 狼

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
剆 *raːl, *raːlʔ
郎 *raːŋ
稂 *raːŋ
桹 *raːŋ
鋃 *raːŋ
硠 *raːŋ
浪 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
蜋 *raːŋ, *raŋ
琅 *raːŋ
狼 *raːŋ
欴 *raːŋ
踉 *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs
莨 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
艆 *raːŋ
駺 *raːŋ
躴 *raːŋ
筤 *raːŋ
閬 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
哴 *raːŋ, *raŋs
蓈 *raːŋ
廊 *raːŋ
榔 *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ
螂 *raːŋ
瑯 *raːŋ
朗 *raːŋʔ
朖 *raːŋʔ
誏 *raːŋʔ
俍 *raːŋʔ
崀 *raːŋʔ
埌 *raːŋs
蒗 *raːŋs
娘 *naŋ
良 *raŋ
粮 *raŋ
悢 *raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯當切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /laŋ/
Li
Rong		 /lɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /lɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 láng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 láng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]ˤaŋ/
English wolf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
No. 8019
Phonetic
component		 良
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 郎
Old
Chinese		 /*raːŋ/
Notes 甲文作𤜪

Definitions

狼

  1. wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m; 條／条 m)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

狼

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. wolf

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
狼
おおかみ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/opo kami2/ invalid IPA characters (2) → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, modern ō, “great”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

狼 (counter 匹, hiragana おおかみ, katakana オオカミ, rōmaji ōkami, historical hiragana おほかみ, historical katakana オホカミ)

  1. a wolf (animal)
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
      狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
    • 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 7, page 56:
      犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...]
    • 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 18, page 17: (Shinpukuji manuscript)
      犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也
    • c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō
      狼（オホカミ）
    • 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)
      狼（ヲヽカミ）
    • 1999 February 4, “シルバー・フォング [Silver Fong]”, in Vol.1 (in Japanese), Konami:
      白 (はく)銀 (ぎん)に輝 (かがや)くオオカミ。見 (み)た目 (め)は美 (うつく)しいが、性 (せい)格 (かく)は凶 (きょう)暴 (ぼう)。
      Hakugin ni kagayaku ōkami. Mitame wa utsukushii ga, seikaku wa kyōbō.
      A glittering silvery wolf that is beautiful to look at, but very ferocious.
    • 1999 October 17, “オオカミ [Wolf]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:
      今 (いま)ではあまり見 (み)かけないオオカミ。よくきく鼻 (はな)で獲 (え)物 (もの)をさがす。
      Ima de wa amari mikake nai ōkami. Yokukiku hana de emono o sagasu.
      These wolves are rarely seen nowadays. They look for preys with their keen sense of smell.
    • 2000 April 19 [Oct 9 1995], Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “第だい五十五幕まく　「大おお久く保ぼ利とし通みちの依い頼らい」 [Act 55: “Ōkubo Toshimichi’s Request”]”, in るろうに剣けん心しん　—明めい治じ剣けん客かく浪ろ漫まん譚たん— [Rurōni Kenshin —Ballad of a Meiji Swordsroamer—], volume 7 (fiction, in Japanese), 24th edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 165:
      狼 (おおかみ)は狼 (おおかみ)　新 (しん)撰 (せん)組 (ぐみ)は新 (しん)撰 (せん)組 (ぐみ)　そして　人 (ひと)斬 (き)りは人 (ひと)斬 (き)り　なあ　抜 (ばっ)刀 (とう)斎 (さい)
      Ōkami wa ōkami Shinsengumi wa Shinsengumi Soshite hitokiri wa hitokiri Nā Battōsai
      Once a wolf, always a wolf. Once Shinsengumi, always Shinsengumi. And once a manslayer, always a manslayer. Ain’t that right, Battōsai?
    • 2000 April 19 [Oct 9 1995], Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “第だい五十六幕まく　「明めい治じ十一年ねん五月がつ十四日か—午ご前ぜん—」 [Act 56: “May 14, Meiji 11 —Forenoon—”]”, in るろうに剣けん心しん　—明めい治じ剣けん客かく浪ろ漫まん譚たん— [Rurōni Kenshin —Ballad of a Meiji Swordsroamer—], volume 7 (fiction, in Japanese), 24th edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 171:
      あの男 (おとこ)は今 (いま)もなお壬 (み)生 (ぶ)の狼 (おおかみ)のまま…陽 (ひ)の届 (とど)かない闇 (やみ)の中 (なか)で「悪 (あく)・即 (そく)・斬 (ざん)」の牙 (きば)を突 (つ)き立 (た)てている———
      Ano otoko wa ima mo nao Mibu no Ōkami no mama… hi no todokanai yami no naka de “Aku Soku Zan” no kiba o tsukitateteiru———
      He’s still that Wolf of Mibu… whose “Swift-Evil-Slashing” fangs still strike in the dark unnoticed under the sun———
  2. Short for 日本狼 (Nihon'ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).
    • 2006 May 20, Akaishi, Michiyo, “最さい終しゅう話わ [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSAアマクサ1637 [AMAKUSA1637], volume 12 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:
      狼 (おおかみ)って絶 (ぜつ)滅 (めつ)してないの？
      Ōkamitte zetsumetsu shite nai no?
      Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?
      狼 (おおかみ)いっぱいいますよー　どうしたんです　会 (かい)長 (ちょう)　今 (きょ)日 (う)は
      Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa
      Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?

See also

Etymology 2

Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.[1][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

狼 (hiragana おおかめ, rōmaji ōkame, historical hiragana おほかめ)

  1. (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
    • 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
      Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 697)
      Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.
    • 1632: Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75
      Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:

References

  1. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

狼 • (rang, nang)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 랑, 낭 (revised: rang, nang, McCune–Reischauer: rang, nang, Yale: lang, nang)
    • Name (hangeul): 이리
  1. (이리 랑, iri-): wolf

Vietnamese

Han character

狼 (lang, lừa)

  1. wolf

Compounds

  • 𣋀天狼 (Sao Thiên Lang)

Usage notes

  • Chữ Nôm.
  • This character is not used on its own in chữ Nôm. The definition "wolf" is purely morphemic.

References

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