濟

See also: 济 and 済
濟 U+6FDF, 濟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FDF
← 濞
[U+6FDE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 濠 →
[U+6FE0]

Translingual

Traditional 濟
Shinjitai 済
Simplified 济

Han character

濟 (radical 85, 水+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水卜X (EYX), four-corner 30123, composition ⿰氵齊)

References

  • KangXi: page 656, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18498
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1066, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1771, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6FDF

Chinese

trad. 濟
simp. 济
alt. forms 済

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
儕 *zriːl
麡 *zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋 *ʔsriːl
穧 *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
躋 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
齏 *ʔsliːl
齎 *ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
櫅 *ʔsliːl
齌 *ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
賷 *ʔsliːl
虀 *ʔsliːl
濟 *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
癠 *ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
霽 *ʔsliːls
齊 *zliːl, *zliːls
臍 *zliːl
蠐 *zliːl, *zlil
懠 *zliːl, *zliːls
薺 *zliːlʔ, *zlil
鱭 *zliːlʔ
嚌 *zliːls
劑 *zliːls, *ʔslel
齍 *ʔslil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 濟
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 子計切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡seiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡seiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sɛjH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡seiH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 濟 濟
Reading # 4/5 5/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jì jì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsejH › ‹ tsejH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]ˤ[i]j(ʔ)-s/ /*[ts]ˤ[i]j(ʔ)-s/
English cross a stream; rescue stop

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 濟
Reading # 2/2
No. 10048
Phonetic
component		 齊
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 霽
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsliːls/

Definitions

濟

  1. to cross a river; to ferry
  2. to help; to aid; to relieve
  3. to be of help; useful

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 濟
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 子禮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡seiX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡seiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sɛjX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡seiX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 濟 濟 濟
Reading # 1/5 2/5 3/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐ jǐ jǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsejX › ‹ tsejX › ‹ tsejX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]ˤ[i]jʔ/ /*[ts]ˤəjʔ/ /*[ts]ˤəjʔ/
English numerous stately [river name]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 濟
Reading # 1/2
No. 10043
Phonetic
component		 齊
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 濟
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsliːlʔ/

Definitions

濟

  1. (～水) Ji River
  2. Only used in 濟濟／济济 (jǐjǐ, “horde of people; multitude”).

Compounds

Etymology 3

trad. 濟
simp. 济
alt. forms
 
多
㩼
穧
侈
儕／侪
価
眾／众
嚌
𧪇
䜞
諸／诸

Related to Tai. Cognate with 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl). Compare Zhuang lai (“many”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Definitions

濟

  1. (Min) many; much
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 多 (“many; much”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 多、夥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 多
Mandarin Beijing 多
Taiwan 多
Harbin 多
Jinan 多
Muping 多
Luoyang 多
Jiedian 多
Xi'an 多
Xining 多
Yinchuan 多
Lanzhou 多
Ürümqi 多、托洛
Wuhan 多
Chengdu 多
Guiyang 多
Liuzhou 多
Yangzhou 多
Nanjing 多、歹
Hefei 多
Cantonese Guangzhou 多
Hong Kong 多
Dongguan 多
Yangjiang 多
Gan Nanchang 多
Lichuan 多
Pingxiang 多
Hakka Meixian 多
Yudu 多
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 多
Liudui (S. Sixian) 多
Hsinchu (Hailu) 多
Dongshi (Dabu) 多
Zhuolan (Raoping) 多
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 多
Huizhou Jixi 多
Jin Taiyuan 多
Xinzhou 多
Min Bei Jian'ou 濟
Dikou 濟
Songxi 濟
Zhenghe 濟
Zhenqian 濟
Jianyang 濟
Wuyishan 濟
Shibei 濟
Min Dong Fuzhou 濟
Changle 濟
Fuqing 濟
Pingtan 濟
Yongtai 濟
Gutian 濟
Fu'an 濟
Ningde 濟
Shouning 濟
Zhouning 濟
Fuding 濟
Matsu 濟
Min Nan Xiamen 濟
Quanzhou 濟
Zhangzhou 濟
Taipei 濟
Kaohsiung 濟
Tainan 濟
Taichung 濟
Hsinchu 濟
Lukang 濟
Sanxia 濟
Yilan 濟
Kinmen 濟
Magong 濟
Chaozhou 濟
Haikou 濟
Leizhou 濟
Puxian Min Putian 濟
Xianyou 濟
Pinghua Nanning 多
Wu Shanghai 多
Suzhou 多
Hangzhou 多
Wenzhou 多
Chongming 多
Danyang 多
Jinhua 多
Ningbo 多
Xiang Changsha 多
Shuangfeng 多
Loudi 多

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

 済

Kyūjitai

 濟

Kanji

濟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 済)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

濟 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)

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Vietnamese

Han character

濟 (tế, tể)

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