曾

See also: 曽 and 會

曾	U+66FE, 曾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66FE

← 曽
[U+66FD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

替 →
[U+66FF]

Translingual

Traditional	曾
Simplified	曾
Japanese	曽
Korean	曾

Alternative forms

When used in Korea or as a Japanese kyūjitai character, the upper component is 八 instead of 丷, which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.

Han character

曾 (radical 73 曰+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金田日 (CWA), four-corner 8060₆, composition ⿱丷𭥴(GHT) or ⿱八𭥴(JKV))

Derived characters

僧增噌嶒潧憎繒 (缯) 璔橧贈 (赠) 熷磳矰竲蹭譄鏳驓鱛鄫甑朆罾鬙層

References

KangXi: page 503, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14299

Dae Jaweon: page 877, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1521, character 3

Unihan data for U+66FE

Chinese

simp. and trad.		曾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曾
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
潧	*ʔsrɯn
繒	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
增	ʔsɯːŋ, ʔsɯːŋs
憎	*ʔsɯːŋ
磳	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
曾	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯːŋ
矰	*ʔsɯːŋ
罾	*ʔsɯːŋ
熷	*ʔsɯːŋ
竲	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
橧	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
譄	*ʔsɯːŋ
蹭	*sʰɯːŋs
層	*zɯːŋ
贈	*zɯːŋs
僧	*sɯːŋ
鬙	*sɯːŋ
甑	*ʔsɯŋs
鄫	*zɯŋ
驓	*zɯŋ
嶒	*zɯŋ
噌	*sʰɯːŋ
鏳	*zrɯːŋ

Pictogram (象形) – a cooker for steaming food. The derivative 甑 (OC *ʔsɯŋs) refers to the original word.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): céng (ceng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cang⁴
Min Dong (BUC): cèng
Min Nan (POJ): chêng / chn̂g / cheng / chan
Wu (Wiktionary): zen (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: céng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄥˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ts'êng²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tserng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cang⁴
  - Yale: chàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ceng⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cèng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng
  - Tâi-lô: tsîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: tsn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngg
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
  - Tâi-lô: tsing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan
  - Tâi-lô: tsan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zafn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: zen (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /z̻əɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /d͡zəŋ/▼

Rime
Character	曾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	昨楞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡zəŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡zəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	céng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*zɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	céng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzong ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˤəŋ/
English	(adverb indicating past time)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曾
Reading #	2/2
No.	16625
Phonetic component	曾
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*zɯːŋ/

Definitions

曾

already; ever; once (in the past); previously

Compounds

Derived terms from 曾

不曾 (bùcéng)
也曾
似曾相識／似曾相识 (sìcéngxiāngshí)
何曾

幾曾／几曾 (jǐcéng)
得未曾有 (dé wèicéng yǒu)
曾幾何時／曾几何时

曾經／曾经 (céngjīng)
曾經滄海／曾经沧海
未曾 (wèicéng)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zēng (zeng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zang¹
Min Dong (BUC): cĕng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chan / cheng / chng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹ / zang¹
Wu (Wiktionary): tsen (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: tsêng¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zang¹
  - Yale: jāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeng¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan
  - Tâi-lô: tsan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zafn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡san³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
  - Tâi-lô: tsing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
  - Tâi-lô: tsng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/

Note:

cheng/chng - literary;
chan - vernacular (including surname).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng¹ / zang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng / tsang
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³/, /t͡saŋ³³/

Note: zang1 - surname.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsen (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡səɲ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡səŋ/▼

Rime
Character	曾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作滕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡səŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡səŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡səŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡səŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡səŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zēng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsong ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˤəŋ/
English	remote (ancestor)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曾
Reading #	1/2
No.	16616
Phonetic component	曾
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːŋ/
Notes	朱芳圃云爲甑初文，非形聲字

Definitions

曾

(prefix) great-

曾孫 / 曾孙 ― zēngsūn ― great-grandson
(literary) unexpectedly
(literary) Alternative form of 增 (zēng, “to increase”).
A surname.

Compounds

Derived terms from 曾

可曾
曾參殺人／曾参杀人
曾子 (Zēngzǐ)
曾子殺彘／曾子杀彘
曾孫／曾孙 (zēngsūn)

曾母投杼
曾母暗沙 (Zēngmǔ Ànshā)
曾益
曾祖 (zēngzǔ)
曾祖母 (zēngzǔmǔ)

曾祖父 (zēngzǔfù)
曾都 (Zēngdū)
曾門／曾门
高曾規矩／高曾规矩

Japanese

Shinjitai	曽
Kyūjitai	曾

Kanji

曾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 曽)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Goon: ぞう (zō)
Kan’on: そう (sō)
Kan’yōon: ぞ (zo); そ (so)
Kun: かつて (katsute, 曾て); すなわち (sunawachi, 曾ち)

Korean

Hanja

曾 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

曾 (tằng, tăng, tâng, tơn, tưng, từng)

used as prefix to indicate a greater level (especially in 曽祖: tằng tổ : great-grandfather, other meaning now seems archaic)
One pronunciation is từng, could be the root of từng : (have ever done <something>) (see từng)

References

Nom Foundation

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