增

See also: 増

增	U+589E, 增 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-589E

← 墝
[U+589D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

墟 →
[U+589F]

Translingual

Japanese	増
Simplified	增
Traditional	增

Han character

增 (radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土金田日 (GCWA), four-corner 4816₆, composition ⿰土曾)

Related characters

憎

Descendants

増

References

KangXi: page 238, character 25

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5454

Dae Jaweon: page 477, character 10

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 489, character 6

Unihan data for U+589E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		增

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 增
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
潧	*ʔsrɯn
繒	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
增	ʔsɯːŋ, ʔsɯːŋs
憎	*ʔsɯːŋ
磳	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
曾	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯːŋ
矰	*ʔsɯːŋ
罾	*ʔsɯːŋ
熷	*ʔsɯːŋ
竲	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
橧	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
譄	*ʔsɯːŋ
蹭	*sʰɯːŋs
層	*zɯːŋ
贈	*zɯːŋs
僧	*sɯːŋ
鬙	*sɯːŋ
甑	*ʔsɯŋs
鄫	*zɯŋ
驓	*zɯŋ
嶒	*zɯŋ
噌	*sʰɯːŋ
鏳	*zrɯːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – things grow in the earth, to build from earth.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zēng (zeng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zang¹, cang⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chen
Min Bei (KCR): cāing
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chng / cheng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): tsen (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: tsêng¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zang¹, cang⁴
  - Yale: jāng, chàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzang¹, tsang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeng¹, ceng⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chen
  - Hakka Romanization System: zen
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zen⁴
  - IPA: /t͡sen⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cāing
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡saiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
  - Tâi-lô: tsng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
  - Tâi-lô: tsing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsen (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡səɲ⁵³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 增
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡səŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡səŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡səŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡səŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡səŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡səŋ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡sen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡sə̃/
	Nanjing	/t͡sən³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡sən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡səŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sen³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡saŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɛn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sen⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sen²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡seŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡seŋ³³/ /t͡sɔŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /t͡səŋ/, /t͡səŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	增	增
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	作滕切	子鄧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zēng	zèng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːŋ/, /*ʔsɯːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	增
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsong ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tˤəŋ/
English	increase
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	增	增
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16613	16623
Phonetic component	曾	曾
Rime group	蒸	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		增
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːŋ/	/*ʔsɯːŋs/

Definitions

增

to increase; to expand
to gain; to add
13th tetragram of the Taixuanjing

Compounds

倍增 (bèizēng)
增修
增值 (zēngzhí)
增光 (zēngguāng)
增刊
增列
增刪／增删
增劇／增剧
增加 (zēngjiā)
增印
增增減減／增增减减
增多 (zēngduō)
增大 (zēngdà)
增幅 (zēngfú)
增廣／增广 (zēngguǎng)
增廣生員／增广生员
增廣見聞／增广见闻
增建
增強／增强 (zēngqiáng)
增援 (zēngyuán)
增損／增损
增收

增殖 (zēngzhí)
增添 (zēngtiān)
增減／增减 (zēngjiǎn)
增生 (zēngshēng)
增產／增产 (zēngchǎn)
增益 (zēngyì)
增福財神／增福财神
增聘
增色
增補／增补 (zēngbǔ)
增訂／增订
增訂版／增订版
增設／增设 (zēngshè)
增資／增资 (zēngzī)
增輝／增辉
增辟
增進／增进 (zēngjìn)
增量
增長／增长 (zēngzhǎng)
增長見識／增长见识
增闢／增辟
增防

增韻／增韵
增額國代／增额国代
增高
年增率
擴增／扩增
日增月益
暴增
有增無損／有增无损
有增無減／有增无减
添增
激增 (jīzēng)
福履增綏／福履增绥
累增字
與日俱增／与日俱增
蒲扇價增／蒲扇价增
蓬蓽增輝／蓬荜增辉
踵事增華／踵事增华
逆增
遞增／递增 (dìzēng)
陡增
馬齒徒增／马齿徒增
齒德俱增／齿德俱增

Japanese

Shinjitai	増
Kyūjitai	增

Kanji

增

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 増)

increase
add to
augment

Readings

On (unclassified): ぞう (zō); そう (sō)
Kun: ます (masu, 增す); ふえる (fueru, 增える); ふやす (fuyasu, 增やす)

Korean

Hanja

增 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng)

increase
add to
augment

Vietnamese

Han character

增 (tăng, tâng)

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