士

See also: 土 and ±
士 U+58EB, 士
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58EB
← 壪
[U+58EA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壬 →
[U+58EC]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

士 (radical 33, 士+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十一 (JM), four-corner 40100, composition ⿱十一)

  1. Kangxi radical #33, ⼠.
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №9

References

  • KangXi: page 242, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5638
  • Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+58EB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 士

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 士
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (士) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
茌 *zrɯ
士 *zrɯʔ
仕 *zrɯʔ

Pictogram (象形) – axe-like tool; soldier.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 士
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Tianjin /sz̩⁵³/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩²¹/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩³¹²/
Xi'an /sz̩⁴⁴/
Xining /sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /sz̩²¹³/
Wuhan /sz̩³⁵/
Chengdu /sz̩¹³/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹³/
Kunming /sz̩²¹²/
Nanjing /sz̩⁴⁴/
Hefei /sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩⁴⁵/
Pingyao /sz̩³⁵/
Hohhot /sz̩⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /sz̩²²/
Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sz̩⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /sz̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan /sï⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /si²²/
Nanning /sz̩²²/
Hong Kong /si²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /su²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sɯ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /si³³/
Rime
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 鉏里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʒɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʒieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʒiəX/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzriX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English officer; gentleman

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
No. 11511
Phonetic
component		 士
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 士
Old
Chinese		 /*zrɯʔ/

Definitions

士

  1. † unmarried male; bachelor
  2. † (honorific) man
  3. † general; high-ranking military officer
  4. † soldier; noncommissioned officer
    士兵  ―  shìbīng  ―  soldier
  5. (historical) scholar-official (civil servant appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance)
  6. (historical) self-appellation used by scholar-officials in ancient China, when addressing the emperor: I; subject
  7. (historical) a social stratum in ancient China
  8. scholar; academic; intellectual; intelligentsia
    博士  ―  bóshì  ―  doctor; doctoral degree
    • 院士  ―  yuànshì  ―  academician
  9. † (honorific) suffix for a virtuous, knowledgeable or skilled person: commendable person
    女士  ―  nǚshì  ―  Lady
    護士 / 护士  ―  hùshì  ―  nurse
  10. (Chinese chess) adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
  11. † Alternative form of 仕 (shì, “to be an official”).
  12. A surname​.

Usage notes

  • 士 is commonly used to render the /s/ sound (not followed by a vowel) in foreign names, e.g. 威士忌 (wēishìjì, “whiskey”), 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”), which is from Cantonese usage.

Coordinate terms

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

士

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
士
し
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

士 (hiragana し, rōmaji shi)

  1. samurai, warrior

Suffix

士 (hiragana し, rōmaji -shi)

  1. person with a certain qualification.
    弁 (べん)護 (ご)士 (し)
    bengoshi
    a lawyer
    会計 (かいけい)士 (し)
    kaikeishi
    an accountant

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

士 • (sa) (hangeul 사)

  1. scholar, gentleman
  2. soldier

Vietnamese

Han character

士 (sĩ, sỹ, sãi, sõi, sỡi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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