武士

Chinese

martial; military scholar; warrior; knight
simp. and trad.
(武士)		 武 士

Pronunciation

Noun

武士

  1. warrior; fighter; soldier
  2. member of a powerful military caste (in medieval Europe or Japan); samurai
  3. (historical) palace guard

Derived terms

  • 圓桌武士／圆桌武士
  • 武士刀
  • 武士道 (wǔshìdào)
  • 鐵甲武士／铁甲武士

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
武 士
ぶ
Grade: 5		 し
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From 伏 (bushi), found in terms such as 山伏 (yamabushi, “mountain hermit”) and 野伏 (nobushi, “hermit; brigand”). Fushi is the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of 伏す (fusu, “to bow down, to prostrate”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The kanji are ateji (当て字), first coined by Shinobu Orikuchi. However, 武士 itself is first attested in the Nara period.

Pronunciation

Noun

武士 (hiragana ぶし, rōmaji bushi)

  1. a person who serves a lord or a master
    1. samurai
      武 (ぶ)士 (し)は食 (く)わねど高楊 (たかよう)枝 (じ)
      bushi wa kuwanedo takayōji
      a samurai, even when he has not eaten, uses a toothpick like a lord
    2. warrior
Derived terms
Proverbs
  • 武 (ぶ)士 (し)に二 (に)言 (ごん)なし (bushi ni nigon nashi)
  • 武 (ぶ)士 (し)は相 (あい)身 (み)互 (たが)い (bushi wa aimitagai)
  • 花 (はな)は桜 (さくら)木 (ぎ)人 (ひと)は武 (ぶ)士 (し) (hana wa sakuragi hito wa bushi)

Proper noun

武士 (hiragana ぶし, rōmaji Bushi)

  1. a place name
  2. a surname​.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
武 士
Grade: 5 Grade: 4
Irregular

/mo2no2no2be1/ invalid IPA characters (2221) → */mo2no2no2bu/ invalid IPA characters (/222) → */mo2no2no2pu/ invalid IPA characters (/222) → /mononopu/ → /mononofu/

From Old Japanese.

From the 物部氏 (Mononobe-uji, “Mononobe clan”), by re-interpretation of the kun-reading of 部 (be) to the kanyōon reading of fu. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) ものの​ふ [mònónóꜜfù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
    • IPA(key): [mo̞no̞no̞ɸɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

武士 (hiragana もののふ, rōmaji mononofu)

  1. a person who serves a lord or a master
    1. samurai
    2. warrior
  2. (historical) an official who served in the upper court in the pre-Heian period (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

Derived terms

  • 武士 (もののふ)の道 (みち) (mononofu no michi)

See also

  • 物 (ものの)部 (べ) (Mononobe)

Etymology 3

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

武士 (hiragana たけし, rōmaji Takeshi)

  1. a place name
  2. a surname​.
  3. a male given name. (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

武士 (hiragana たけひと, rōmaji Takehito)

  1. a male given name. (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
武士

Noun

武士 • (musa) (hangeul 무사)

  1. Hanja form? of 무사 (“warrior”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
武士

Han character

武士 (vũ sĩ, võ sĩ)

  1. combat sport contender; judoka, karateka, boxer, etc.
  2. warrior
  3. samurai
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