博士

Chinese

 
extensive; ample; rich; obtain; aim; to win; to get; plentiful; to gamble
 scholar; warrior; knight
simp. and trad.
(博士)		 博 士

Etymology

Attestable since at least the Eastern Han dynasty. The sense of “doctor” is wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 博 (はく)士 (し) (hakushi).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 博 士
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 鐸 (104) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 補各切 鉏里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pwɑk̚/ /d͡ʒɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʷɑk̚/ /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pwak̚/ /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li
Rong		 /puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒiəX/
Wang
Li		 /puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pwɑk̚/ /ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bo zhì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 博 士
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bó shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pak › ‹ dzriX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˤak/ /*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English broad officer; gentleman

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 博 士
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 3474 11511
Phonetic
component		 甫 士
Rime
group		 鐸 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 博 士
Old
Chinese		 /*paːɡ/ /*zrɯʔ/

Noun

博士

  1. doctorate; Ph.D.
    博士生  ―  bóshìshēng  ―  doctorate candidate
    哲學博士 / 哲学博士  ―  zhéxué bóshì  ―  Doctor of Philosophy
    他剛從北京大學取得博士學位。 [MSC, trad.]
    他刚从北京大学取得博士学位。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā gāng cóng Běijīng dàxué qǔdé bóshì xuéwèi. [Pinyin]
    He recently obtained his doctorate degree from Peking University.
  2. doctor (someone with a Ph.D.)
    吳博士 / 吴博士  ―  Wú bóshì  ―  Dr. Wu
    張博士是這場講座的主講人。 [MSC, trad.]
    张博士是这场讲座的主讲人。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhāng bóshì shì zhè chǎng jiǎngzuò de zhǔjiǎngrén. [Pinyin]
    Dr. Zhang is the presenter of this seminar.
  3. (historical) court academician (in feudal China)
  4. (historical) master; person with a particular skill
    茶博士  ―  chá bóshì  ―  a tea master
  5. (historical) learned scholar; polymath

Derived terms

  • 太常博士
  • 女博士
  • 榮譽博士／荣誉博士 (róngyù bóshì)
  • 磨博士
  • 算博士
  • 花博士
  • 茶博士
  • 超博士
  • 酒博士

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (博士):
  • Japanese: 博 (はく)士 (し) (hakushi, “court academician; doctor”)
  • Korean: 박사 (博士, baksa, “doctor; expert; learned man”)
  • Vietnamese: bác sĩ (博士, “medical doctor; physician”)

Others:

  • → Manchu: ᠪᠠᡴᠰᡳ (baksi), ᠪᠠᡴᡧᡳ (bakši, “scholar; Confucian scholar”)
    • → Chinese: 把式 (bǎshì), 把勢／把势 (bǎshì, “martial arts; master; skill”), 把戲／把戏 (bǎxì, “circus tricks; cheap tricks”)
    • → Chinese: 巴克什 (bākèshí, “baksi, title given to Qing Dynasty scholars”)
  • → Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ (baɣsi) / багш (bagš, “teacher, instructor; master; trainer”)
  • → Kazakh: бақсы (baqsı, “shaman, sorcerer”)
  • → Persian: بخشی‎ (baxši, “scribe, secretary; surgeon; vice-regent; inspector; grand falconer”)
  • → Uyghur: باخشى‎ (baxshi, “sorcerer, shaman, wizard; witchcraft healer, witch-doctor”), باخشىلىق‎ (baxshiliq, “falconry, hunting with birds of prey; witchcraft, shamanism”)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
博 士
はく
Grade: 4		 し
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 博士 (pak dzriX)

Pronunciation

Noun

博士 (hiragana はくし, rōmaji hakushi)

  1. a doctor (someone with a Ph.D.)
Descendants

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
博 士
はく > はか
Grade: 4		 し > せ
Grade: 4
Irregular

Pronunciation

Noun

博士 (hiragana はかせ, rōmaji hakase)

  1. (historical) a court academician
  2. a doctor (someone with a Ph.D.)
    • 1988 July 30 [Jul 25 1984], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ニューイヤー星せい調ちょう査さ行こう [Expedition to Planet New Year]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), volume 2 (fiction, in Japanese), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 108:
      ロッシュ博 (はか)士 (せ)。あなたはうれしくないんですか。
      Rosshu Hakase. Anata wa ureshikunain desu ka.
      Dr. Roche. Are you not enjoying yourself?
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
博 士
ひろ
Grade: 4		 し
Grade: 4
yutōyomi

Proper noun

博士 (hiragana ひろし, rōmaji Hiroshi)

  1. A male given name

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1 2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
博士

Noun

博士 • (baksa, McCune-Reischauer: paksa, Yale: pakqsa) (hangeul 박사)

  1. Hanja form? of 박사 (“doctor”).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.