垃圾

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (垃圾)		垃	圾
alt. forms		擸𢶍磖磼𧞪䙣𧙀䙣儠㒎擸𢶍磖磼𧞪䙣𧙀䙣儠㒎𦆻颯／𦆻飒拉颯／拉飒垃靸垃趿

Etymology

From earlier 擸𢶍 (“to jumble; jumble; litter”). Reduplication derived from a root (*lap or *sap) meaning "untidy, unclean".

Second syllable of the Mainland Mandarin reading lājī is irregular, resulting from the incorrect association of the rare character in its obsolete form 靸 (sǎ) with the usual pronunciation of its phonetic component (及 (jí)).

Cognate with 邋遢 (lāta, “unclean, untidy, unkempt”) (> 邋邋遢遢, 邋裡邋遢／邋里邋遢).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lājī, lèsè

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄚㄐㄧ, ㄌㄜˋ ㄙㄜˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): laap⁶ saap³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lep⁵ lhep²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lep-sep / let-set
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lap-sap / lah-sap

(Teochew, Peng'im): nah⁴ sab⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): la xi (T3); leq seq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: lājī
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄚㄐㄧ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhaji
  - IPA ^(key): /la̠⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: lèsè
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ ㄙㄜˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lehseh
  - IPA ^(key): /lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: laap⁶ saap³
  - Yale: laahp saap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laap⁹ saap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: lab⁶ sab³
  - IPA ^(key): /lɑːp̚² sɑːp̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lep⁵ lhep²
  - IPA ^(key): /lep̚³² ɬep̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lep-sep / let-set
  - Hakka Romanization System: leb` seb` / led` sed`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: leb⁵ seb⁵ / led⁵ sed⁵
  - IPA: /lep̚² sep̚²/, /let̚² set̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lap-sap
  - Tâi-lô: lap-sap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lapsab
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lap̚³²⁻⁵ sap̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lap̚³²⁻⁴ sap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lap̚⁵⁻²⁴ sap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /lap̚³²⁻⁵⁴ sap̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lah-sap
  - Tâi-lô: lah-sap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lahsab
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /la(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sap̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nah⁴ sab⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nah sap
  - IPA ^(key): /naʔ²⁻⁴ sap̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: la xi (T3); leq seq (T5)
  - IPA ^(key): /la̱²² ɕi⁴⁴/, /ləʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

Note:

3la xi - modern;
5leq seq - near-obsolete.

Noun

垃圾

garbage; rubbish; trash; waste; refuse; junk
清理垃圾 ― qīnglǐ lājī ― to clean up the rubbish

扔垃圾 ― rēng lājī ― to litter
rubbish (a valueless thing)
junk messages; spam; unsolicited messages
我昨天收到了三十多條垃圾短信。 [MSC, trad.]
我昨天收到了三十多条垃圾短信。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zuótiān shōudào le sānshí duō tiáo lājī duǎnxìn. [Pinyin]
I received over 30 spam text messages yesterday.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 垃圾 (“garbage”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		垃圾
Mandarin	Beijing	垃圾、髒土
	Taiwan	垃圾
	Jinan	髒器、垃圾
	Xi'an	惡圾、髒發
	Wuhan	渣滓
	Chengdu	渣滓、渣渣
	Yangzhou	灰
	Hefei	髒、糞草
Cantonese	Guangzhou	垃圾
	Hong Kong	垃圾
	Taishan	垃圾
	Yangjiang	垃圾
Gan	Nanchang	罯屑
Hakka	Meixian	垃圾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	垃圾、地圾
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	垃圾、地圾
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	垃圾
	Dongshi (Dabu)	垃圾
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	垃圾
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	垃圾
Jin	Taiyuan	惡圾
Min Bei	Jian'ou	垃圾
Min Dong	Fuzhou	糞掃
Min Nan	Xiamen	糞掃、霎洗
	Quanzhou	糞掃、霎洗、垃圾
	Zhangzhou	糞掃、垃圾
	Taipei	垃圾仔、垃儳仔、糞掃
	Kaohsiung	垃圾仔、糞掃
	Tainan	垃圾仔、糞掃
	Taichung	糞掃
	Hsinchu	糞掃
	Lukang	垃圾仔、糞掃
	Sanxia	糞掃
	Yilan	垃圾仔、糞掃
	Kinmen	糞掃、垃圾
	Magong	糞掃
	Penang	垃圾、sampah
	Philippines (Manila)	糞掃
	Chaozhou	杜糞、垃圾
Wu	Suzhou	垃圾
Wu	Wenzhou	糞掃、垃圾
Xiang	Changsha	屑子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	屑子

Derived terms

倒垃圾 (dào lājī)
垃圾分類／垃圾分类
垃圾回收 (lājī huíshōu)
垃圾堆 (lājīduī)
垃圾場／垃圾场 (lājīchǎng)
垃圾子母車／垃圾子母车
垃圾山
垃圾桶 (lājītǒng)
垃圾焚化爐／垃圾焚化炉
垃圾相

垃圾短信
垃圾筒 (lājītǒng)
垃圾箱 (lājīxiāng)
垃圾袋 (lājīdài)
垃圾車／垃圾车 (lājīchē)
垃圾進，垃圾出／垃圾进，垃圾出 (lājī jìn, lājī chū)
垃圾郵件／垃圾邮件 (lājī yóujiàn)
垃圾量
垃圾食品 (lājī shípǐn)
垃圾食物

Adjective

垃圾

(colloquial) very bad; rubbish
電影太垃圾了！ / 电影太垃圾了！ ― Diànyǐng tài lājī le! ― This movie is so shit!

Pronunciation 2

Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lá-sap
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lap-sap / lah-sap

(Teochew, Peng'im): nah⁴ sab⁴

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lá-sap
  - Hakka Romanization System: la` sab`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: la³ sab⁵
  - IPA: /la³¹ sap̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Hsinchu, Taichung, Lukang, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lap-sap
  - Tâi-lô: lap-sap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lapsab
  - IPA (Kinmen): /lap̚³²⁻⁵⁴ sap̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lap̚³²⁻⁴ sap̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Lukang, Sanxia, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lah-sap
  - Tâi-lô: lah-sap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lahsab
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /la(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sap̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /la(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sap̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nah⁴ sab⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nah sap
  - IPA ^(key): /naʔ²⁻⁴ sap̚²/

Adjective

垃圾

(Min Nan, Hakka) dirty; unhygienic
(Hakka) haunted

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 髒 (“dirty”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		污穢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		骯髒、污穢
Mandarin	Beijing	髒、腌臢、骯髒
	Taiwan	髒、骯髒
	Jinan	髒、窩囊、腌臢
	Xi'an	髒
	Wuhan	拉瓜、賴
	Chengdu	髒、齷齪
	Yangzhou	髒、邋遢
	Hefei	髒、膿糟、拾弄
Cantonese	Guangzhou	污糟、邋遢、揦鮓
	Hong Kong	污糟、邋遢、揦鮓
	Taishan	邋遢、揦鮓
	Yangjiang	失引、污糟、揦鮓
Gan	Nanchang	腌臢
Hakka	Meixian	漚紐、穢
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屙糟
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	屙糟
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	屙糟
	Dongshi (Dabu)	屙糟
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	屙糟
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	屙糟
Jin	Taiyuan	日髒、腌臢
Min Dong	Fuzhou	懶露、濫𡞟、五鹵、垃渣、齷齪
Min Nan	Xiamen	流瘍、流死瘍、垃圾、驚人、垃儳
	Quanzhou	腌臢、兇、驚人
	Zhangzhou	腌臢、垃圾、淤漬、驚人
	Taipei	垃圾、垃儳、癩哥爛癆、驚人
	Kaohsiung	垃圾、垃儳、腌臢、癩哥、驚人
	Tainan	垃圾、垃儳、腌臢、癩哥、癩哥爛癆、驚人
	Taichung	垃圾
	Hsinchu	垃圾、腌臢、癩哥
	Lukang	垃圾、癩哥爛癆、驚人
	Sanxia	垃圾、腌臢、癩哥、驚人
	Yilan	垃圾、垃儳、腌臢、癩哥爛癆、驚人
	Kinmen	垃圾、腌臢、驚人、垃儳、癩哥
	Magong	垃圾、腌臢、驚人、垃儳、癩哥
	Chaozhou	垃圾、垃圾相、腌臢
Wu	Suzhou	齷齪、邋遢
Wu	Wenzhou	鏖糟、髒
Xiang	Changsha	邋遢、邋糊

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