丸

See also: 九 and 丮
丸 U+4E38, 丸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38
← 丷
[U+4E37] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丹 →
[U+4E39]
丸 U+2F801, 丸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801
← 丽
[U+2F800] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 乁 →
[U+2F802]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丸 (radical 3, 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition ⿻九丶(GJKV) or ⿵九丶(HT))

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 80, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 42, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+4E38

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 丸
alt. forms 𠁽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script

s06805

Transcribed ancient scripts

L31714

L31715

L06169

L06170

L06171

L06172

L06173

L06174

L06175

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
骫 *qʷralʔ
丸 *ɡʷaːn
紈 *ɡʷaːn
芄 *ɡʷaːn
汍 *ɡʷaːn
肒 *ɡʷaːns

Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from 仄 (“to tilt”) flipped – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.

Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 丸
Mandarin Beijing /uan³⁵/
Harbin /uan²⁴/
Tianjin /van⁴⁵/
Jinan /vã⁴²/
Qingdao /vã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uan⁴²/
Xi'an /uã²⁴/
Xining /uã²⁴/
Yinchuan /van⁵³/
Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /van⁵¹/
Wuhan /uan²¹³/ 藥～子
/yɛn²¹³/ 肉～子
Chengdu /uan³¹/
Guiyang /uan²¹/
Kunming /uã̠³¹/
Nanjing /uaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /væ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /uɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /væ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦuø²³/
Suzhou /ɦuø¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jy³¹/
Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /yẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn³⁵/
Nanning /yn²¹/
Hong Kong /jyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /uan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uoŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /yiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zuaŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 丸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡官切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦwan/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuɑn/
Wang
Li		 /ɣuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huán
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丸 丸
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wán wán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwan › ‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷˤar/ /*ɦʷˤar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˤar)
English pellet; ball 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丸
Reading # 1/1
No. 12608
Phonetic
component		 丸
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 桓
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷaːn/

Definitions

丸

  1. small round object
  2. pellet; pill
  3. (traditional Chinese medicine) pill
  4. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

丸

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. circle
  2. round
  3. whole
  4. pill

Readings

  • Goon: がん (gan, Jōyō)←ぐわん (gwan, historical)
  • Kan’on: かん (kan)←くわん (kwan, historical)
  • Kun: まる (maru, 丸, Jōyō); まろ (maro, 丸); まるい (marui, 丸い, Jōyō); まるかす (marukasu, 丸かす); まろかす (marokasu, 丸かす); まるかせ (marukase, 丸かせ); まろかせ (marokase, 丸かせ); まるける (marukeru, 丸ける); まろかる (marokaru, 丸かる); まるっこい (marukkoi, 丸っこい); まろぐ (marogu, 丸ぐ); まるぐち (maruguchi, 丸ぐち); まるごと (marugoto, 丸ごと); まるみ (marumi, 丸み); まるむ (marumu, 丸む); まろむ (maromu, 丸む); まるまる (marumaru, 丸まる); まるめる (marumeru, 丸める, Jōyō); まろめる (maromeru, 丸める); まろやか (maroyaka, 丸やか); まろらか (maroraka, 丸らか); たま (tama, 丸)
  • Nanori: たま (tama); ま (ma); まる (maru); まろ (maro); わ (wa); わに (wani)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
丸
まる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/

Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).[1]

Alternative forms

  • (round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness): 円

Pronunciation

Noun

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji maru)

  1. any round object:
    1. a circle
    2. a sphere, ball
    3. (by extension) any non-perfectly round objects, such as an oval
    4. the "○" symbol, equivalent to a check mark in some other languages
    5. (by extension) something correct, good, or right
  2. (colloquial) money
    Synonym: 金銭 (kinsen)
  3. enclosure inside a castle's walls
  4. (colloquial) the 。 mark, or 句点 (kuten, “full stop, period”)
  5. (colloquial) the ゜ mark, or 半濁点 (handakuten, “semi-voicing mark”)
  6. the circular outline of a Japanese crest
  7. (Kansai) a soft-shell turtle
    Synonym: 鼈 (suppon)
  8. term relating to completeness:
    1. fullness, wholeness
    2. meeting specific conditions
  9. a Japanese unit of weight
    1 maru is equal to 50 斤 (kin), approximately 30 kilograms
  10. a Japanese unit of counting washi
  11. a day where prices are doubled in a red-light district

Derived terms

Prefix

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji maru-)

  1. whole, complete

Derived terms

Suffix

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji -maru)

  1. suffix for ship names

Proper noun

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji Maru)

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
丸
まる
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Suffix

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji -maru)

  1. Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): attaches to names of persons or objects expressing dearness

Pronoun

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji maru)

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): first-person singular, I, me

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
丸
まろ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/

From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.

Adjective

丸 (-nari inflection, hiragana まろ, rōmaji maro)

  1. round
  2. plump and thick
  3. all, whole
    Synonym: 全部 (zenbu)

Noun

丸 (hiragana まろ, rōmaji maro)

  1. a round object
  2. all, whole
  3. coins, money
    Synonym: 銭 (zeni)
Derived terms

Proper noun

丸 (hiragana まろ, rōmaji Maro)

  1. a surname

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
丸
がん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/ɡwan/ → /ɡan/

From Middle Chinese 丸 (MC ɦuɑn).

Pronunciation

Noun

丸 (hiragana がん, rōmaji gan, historical hiragana ぐわん)

  1. a meatball, fishball
  2. a pill
    Synonym: 丸薬 (gan'yaku)

Proper noun

丸 (hiragana がん, rōmaji Gan, historical hiragana ぐわん)

  1. a surname

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • New Nelson: 34
  • Halpern: 3417
  • Halpern Learners: 2134
  • Heisig: 44
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 0a3.28
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Korean

Hanja

丸 • (hwan)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 환 (revised: hwan, McCune–Reischauer: hwan)
    • Name (hangeul): 둥글 (revised: dunggeul, McCune–Reischauer: tunggǔl)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Vietnamese

Han character

丸 (hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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