circular

English

Etymology

From Middle English [Term?], borrowed from Old French circulier, from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus, diminutive of circus (“ring”).

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈsɜː(ɹ)k.jə.lə(ɹ)/
  • Audio (US)(file)

Adjective

circular (comparative more circular, superlative most circular)

  1. Of or relating to a circle.
  2. In the shape of, or moving in a circle.
    • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 5, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
      Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.
  3. Circuitous or roundabout.
  4. Referring back to itself, so as to prevent computation or comprehension; infinitely recursive.
    circular reasoning
    Your dictionary defines "brave" as "courageous", and "courageous" as "brave". That's a circular definition.
    a circular formula in a spreadsheet
  5. Distributed to a large number of persons.
    • Hallam
      a proclamation of Henry III., […] doubtless circular throughout England
  6. (obsolete) Perfect; complete.
    • Philip Massinger, Maid of Honour (1632), act I, scene 2:
      A man so absolute and circular / In all those wished-for rarities that may take / A virgin captive.
  7. (archaic) Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior.
    • Dennis
      Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

circular (plural circulars)

  1. A printed advertisement, directive, or notice intended for mass distribution; a flyer
  2. In administration, a circular letter
  3. (dated) A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
  4. A shuttle bus that runs in a loop.

Translations

See also

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.

Adjective

circular (epicene, plural circulares)

  1. circular

Verb

circular

  1. to circle

Conjugation

Catalan

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.

Adjective

circular (masculine and feminine plural circulars)

  1. circular

Noun

circular f (plural circulars)

  1. circular

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin circulo, circulare, post-Augustan form of Latin circulor.

Verb

circular (first-person singular present circulo, past participle circulat)

  1. to circulate

Conjugation

Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.

Adjective

circular m, f (plural circulares)

  1. circular

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris (“circular round”), from Latin circulus, corresponding to círculo +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /siɾ.ku.ˈlaɾ/
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˌsiʁ.ku.ˈlaʁ/

Adjective

circular m, f (plural circulares, comparable)

  1. circular; round
    Vimos um objeto circular sobrevoando a cidade.
    We saw a round object flying over the city.
    Synonyms: redondo, rotundo
  2. running in a loop
    Ônibus circular.
    Shuttle bus.
  3. (rhetoric, lexicography) circular (referring back to itself)
    Definição circular.
    Circular definition.
  4. circular (distributed to a large number of people)
    Carta circular.
    Circular letter.

Noun

circular f (plural circulares)

  1. circular letter (official communication distributed to interested parties)

Noun

circular m (plural circulares)

  1. circular (shuttle bus that runs in a loop)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin circulō, circulāre (“I make round”), post-Augustan form of Latin circulor.

Pronunciation

  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /siɾ.ku.ˈlaɾ/
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˌsiʁ.ku.ˈla(ʁ)/

Verb

circular (first-person singular present indicative circulo, past participle circulado)

  1. (transitive) to circle (to place a circle around)
    Circulem a resposta correta.
    Circle the correct answer.
    Synonym: circundar
  2. (intransitive) to circle (to move around an axis)
    Nosso planeta circula ao redor do Sol.
    Our planet circles the Sun.
    Synonyms: girar, rodar
  3. (intransitive) to circulate (to move through a circuit)
    O sangue parou de circular em suas veias.
    Blood stopped flowing in his veins.
  4. (intransitive) to flow freely
    Abri as janelas para o ar circular.
    I opened the windows to get a better airflow.
  5. (intransitive, or transitive with por) to move about; to walk around
    Depois que a neve derreteu, as pessoas começaram a circular pelo parque.
    After the snow melted, people started walking around the park.
    Circulando!
    Get going! [used to disperse a crowd]
  6. (transitive) to circulate; to disseminate; to spread
    Os alunos circularam um rumor muito maldoso.
    The students spread a nasty rumour.
  7. (intransitive) to circulate; to be disseminated; to be spread; to go around
    Circulava uma notícia sobre o acidente.
    News about the accident had been going around.
    1. (economics) to circulate (to be valid as currency)
      O euro deixará de circular no Reino Unido.
      The euro will no longer circulate in the United Kingdom.
    2. (media) to circulate (to be published and distributed)
      Este é o único jornal que ainda circula.
      This is the only newspaper still in circulation.
Conjugation

Spanish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris, from Latin circulus.

Adjective

circular (plural circulares)

  1. circular

Noun

circular f (plural circulares)

  1. circular (advertisement)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin circulāre, present active infinitive of circulō, post-Augustan form of Latin circulor. Doublet of the inherited cerchar[1].

Verb

circular (first-person singular present circulo, first-person singular preterite circulé, past participle circulado)

  1. to circulate
  2. to go round, move around
  3. to scram, clear off
Conjugation
        Conjugation of circular (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)edit data
    infinitive circular
    gerund circulando
    past participle masculine feminine
    singular circulado circulada
    plural circulados circuladas
    singular plural
    1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
    indicative yo tú
    vos    		 él/ella/ello
    usted    		 nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ellos/ellas
    ustedes
    present circulo circulastú
    circulásvos    		 circula circulamos circuláis circulan
    imperfect circulaba circulabas circulaba circulábamos circulabais circulaban
    preterite circulé circulaste circuló circulamos circulasteis circularon
    future circularé circularás circulará circularemos circularéis circularán
    conditional circularía circularías circularía circularíamos circularíais circularían
    subjunctive yo tú
    vos    		 él/ella/ello
    usted    		 nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ellos/ellas
    ustedes
    present circule circulestú
    circulésvos2    		 circule circulemos circuléis circulen
    imperfect
    (ra)    		 circulara circularas circulara circuláramos circularais circularan
    imperfect
    (se)    		 circulase circulases circulase circulásemos circulaseis circulasen
    future1 circulare circulares circulare circuláremos circulareis circularen
    imperative — tú
    vos    		 usted nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ustedes
    affirmative circulatú
    circulávos    		 circule circulemos circulad circulen
    negative no circules no circule no circulemos no circuléis no circulen
    • 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
    • 2 Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
          Selected combined forms of circularedit data

      These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

      singular plural
      1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
      with infinitive circular
      dative circularme circularte circularle, circularse circularnos circularos circularles, circularse
      accusative circularme circularte circularlo, circularla, circularse circularnos circularos circularlos, circularlas, circularse
      with gerund circulando
      dative circulándome circulándote circulándole, circulándose circulándonos circulándoos circulándoles, circulándose
      accusative circulándome circulándote circulándolo, circulándola, circulándose circulándonos circulándoos circulándolos, circulándolas, circulándose
      with informal second-person singular imperative circula
      dative circúlame circúlate circúlale circúlanos not used circúlales
      accusative circúlame circúlate circúlalo, circúlala circúlanos not used circúlalos, circúlalas
      with formal second-person singular imperative circule
      dative circúleme not used circúlele, circúlese circúlenos not used circúleles
      accusative circúleme not used circúlelo, circúlela, circúlese circúlenos not used circúlelos, circúlelas
      with first-person plural imperative circulemos
      dative not used circulémoste circulémosle circulémonos circulémoos circulémosles
      accusative not used circulémoste circulémoslo, circulémosla circulémonos circulémoos circulémoslos, circulémoslas
      with informal second-person plural imperative circulad
      dative circuladme not used circuladle circuladnos circulaos circuladles
      accusative circuladme not used circuladlo, circuladla circuladnos circulaos circuladlos, circuladlas
      with formal second-person plural imperative circulen
      dative circúlenme not used circúlenle circúlennos not used circúlenles, circúlense
      accusative circúlenme not used circúlenlo, circúlenla circúlennos not used circúlenlos, circúlenlas, circúlense

      References

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