円

See also: 圓 and 圆

円 U+5186, 円
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5186
← 内
[U+5185] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冇 →
[U+5187]

Translingual

Japanese stroke order
Traditional 圓
Shinjitai 円
Simplified 圆

Etymology

Japanese simplification of 圓, via a simplified character similar to 𠮚.[1]

Han character

円 (radical 13, 冂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY) or 月中一 (BLM), composition ⿵冂丄)

References

  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 128, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1513
  • Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 96, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+5186
  1. ↑ Toshinobu Sakaida, 円（圓）の異体字

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 円 – see 圓 (“circle; circular; round; etc.”).
(This character, 円, is a variant form of 圓.)

Usage notes

In contemporary usage, classifier for the Japanese yen.

Japanese

Shinjitai

 円

Kyūjitai

 圓

Kanji

円

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 圓)

  1. circle
  2. yen

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
円
えん
Grade: 1
on’yomi

/wen/ → /eɴ/

From Middle Chinese 圓 (MC ziuᴇn, ɦˠiuᴇn), with the original sense of "circle, roundness".

The yen sense came much later in the Meiji period, a borrowing Mandarin 圓 (yuán), itself from 銀圓 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”). Compare Chinese 元 (yuán, “yuan”) and Korean 원 (won, “Korean won”).

The yen became the official currency of Japan in 1871, succeeding the 両 (ryō) and the 文 (mon).

Pronunciation

Noun

円 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 圓, hiragana えん, rōmaji en, historical hiragana ゑん)

  1. a round or circular object; a circle; roundness
  2. (mathematics) circle (set of all points in plane at a given distance and at a given point)
    Synonym: 円周 (enshū)
  3. yen: the official currency of Japan
    one yen is equal to 100 銭 (sen)
    Synonym: 円貨 (enka)
Derived terms
See also

Proper noun

円 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 圓, hiragana えん, rōmaji En, historical hiragana ゑん)

  1. a surname​.
  2. a female given name.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
円
まろ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → /maro/

From Old Japanese.

Noun

円 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 圓, hiragana まろ, rōmaji maro)

  1. (archaic) Alternative spelling of 丸 (“roundness, plumpness”)
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
円
まる
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/maro/ → /maru/

Sound shift from maro above.

Pronunciation

Noun

円 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 圓, hiragana まる, rōmaji maru)

  1. Alternative spelling of 丸 (“circle”)
Derived terms

Prefix

円 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 圓, hiragana まる, rōmaji maru-)

  1. Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to numbers remaining constant
  2. Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to noun to mean an object is completely in that noun

Proper noun

円 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 圓, hiragana まる, rōmaji Maru)

  1. a surname​.
  2. a unisex given name.

Etymology 4

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

円 (hiragana つぶら, rōmaji Tsubura)

  1. a surname​.
  2. a female given name.

円 (hiragana のどか, rōmaji Nodoka)

  1. a female given name.

円 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 圓, hiragana まどか, rōmaji Madoka)

  1. a surname​.
  2. a female given name.

円 (hiragana まろか, rōmaji Maroka)

  1. a female given name.

円 (hiragana まろし, rōmaji Maroshi)

  1. a unisex given name.

円 (hiragana みつ, rōmaji Mitsu)

  1. a female given name.

円 (hiragana めぐる, rōmaji Meguru)

  1. a female given name.

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
円

Hanja

円 • (en) (hangeul 엔)

  1. hanja for names[1][2]

Usage notes

This is the only character whose pronunciation is from modern Japanese, not from Classical Chinese.

References

Vietnamese

Han-Nom Character

円 = viên

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