開通

See also: 开通

Chinese

		open; operate (vehicle); start	go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open
trad. (開通)		開	通
simp. (开通)		开	通

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāitōng

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞㄊㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ tung¹
Min Nan (POJ): khai-thong / khui-thong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kāitōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞㄊㄨㄥ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaitong
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Yale: hōi tūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ tung¹
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-thong
  - Tâi-lô: khai-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qai'tofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰaɪ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaɪ³³ tʰɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰaɪ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-thong
  - Tâi-lô: khui-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qui'tofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

Verb

開通

to remove obstacles from; to dredge; to clear
(of a road) to become open to traffic
to inspire; to enlighten
to enable; to accept; to authorize

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāitong

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ tung¹
Min Nan (POJ): khai-thong / khui-thong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kāitong
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai.tong
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Yale: hōi tūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ tung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ tung¹
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-thong
  - Tâi-lô: khai-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qai'tofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰaɪ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaɪ³³ tʰɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰaɪ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-thong
  - Tâi-lô: khui-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qui'tofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

Adjective

開通

enlightened; liberal; open-minded

Synonyms

進步／进步 (jìnbù)
開明／开明 (kāimíng)

Antonyms

保守 (bǎoshǒu)
閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
守舊／守旧 (shǒujiù)
頑固／顽固 (wángù)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
開	通
かい Grade: 3	つう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

開通 (hiragana かいつう, rōmaji kaitsū)

opening to traffic

Verb

開通する (intransitive, hiragana かいつうする, rōmaji kaitsū suru)

open to traffic

Conjugation

Conjugation of "開通する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	開通し	かいつうし	kaitsū shi
Continuative (連用形)	開通し	かいつうし	kaitsū shi
Terminal (終止形)	開通する	かいつうする	kaitsū suru
Attributive (連体形)	開通する	かいつうする	kaitsū suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	開通すれ	かいつうすれ	kaitsū sure
Imperative (命令形)	開通せよ¹ 開通しろ²	かいつうせよ¹ かいつうしろ²	kaitsū seyo¹ kaitsū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	開通される	かいつうされる	kaitsū sareru
Causative	開通させる開通さす	かいつうさせるかいつうさす	kaitsū saseru kaitsū sasu
Potential	開通できる	かいつうできる	kaitsū dekiru
Volitional	開通しよう	かいつうしよう	kaitsū shiyō
Negative	開通しない	かいつうしない	kaitsū shinai
Negative continuative	開通せず	かいつうせず	kaitsū sezu
Formal	開通します	かいつうします	kaitsū shimasu
Perfective	開通した	かいつうした	kaitsū shita
Conjunctive	開通して	かいつうして	kaitsū shite
Hypothetical conditional	開通すれば	かいつうすれば	kaitsū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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