京

See also: 亰
京 U+4EAC, 京
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAC
← 享
[U+4EAB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亭 →
[U+4EAD]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

京 (radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口火 (YRF), four-corner 00906, composition ⿳亠口小)

References

  • KangXi: page 88, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 284, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4EAC

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 京
alt. forms 亰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 京
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j13492

j13493

j13494

j13495

j13496

j13497

j13498

j13499

j13500

j13501

j13502

j13503

j13504

j13505

j13506

j13507

j13508

Bronze inscriptions

b08306

b08307

b08308

b08309

b08310

b08311

b08312

b08313

b08314

b08315

b08316

b08317

b08318

b08319

b08320

b08321

b08322

b08323

b08324

Small seal script

s03835

Transcribed ancient scripts

L33123

L33124

L33125

L33126

L33127

L33128

L33129

L33130

L33131

L10565

L10566

L10567

L10568

L10569

L10570

L10571

L10572

L10573

L10574

L10575

L10576

L10577

L10578

L10579

L10580

L10581

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (京) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涼 *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs
凉 *ɡ·raŋ
椋 *ɡ·raŋ
綡 *ɡ·raŋ
輬 *ɡ·raŋ
諒 *ɡ·raŋs
掠 *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ
弶 *ɡaŋs
京 *kraŋ
麖 *kraŋ
鶁 *kraŋ
景 *kraŋʔ
鯨 *ɡraŋ
黥 *ɡraŋ
勍 *ɡraŋ
剠 *ɡraŋ
倞 *ɡraŋs
影 *qraŋʔ
璟 *qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ
憬 *kʷraŋʔ
暻 *kʷraŋʔ
澋 *ɡʷraːŋʔ

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kiaⁿ - vernacular;
  • keng - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 京
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ/
Nanjing /t͡ɕin³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
/t͡ɕi¹³/ ～陵城
Hohhot /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕin³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕin³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kin⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /keŋ⁵³/
Nanning /keŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiŋ⁵⁵/
/kiã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /keiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kiã³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /keŋ²³/
Rime
Character 京
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舉卿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kiajŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kiɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kĭɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jīng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 京
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jīng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjæng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]raŋ/
English hill; capital city

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 京
Reading # 1/1
No. 6828
Phonetic
component		 京
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 驚
Old
Chinese		 /*kraŋ/

Definitions

京

  1. † artificial mound
  2. capital (city)
  3. Short for 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”).
  4. (obsolete) ten million, 107
  5. (obsolete) ten quadrillion, 1016
  6. (obsolete) septillion, 1024
  7. (obsolete) A hundred nonillion, 1032

Compounds

See also

Chinese numerals
104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044
萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan) 京 (Taiwan) 垓 秭 穰 溝／沟 澗／涧 正 載／载
萬億／万亿
(Mainland China)		 億億／亿亿
(Mainland China)

Japanese

Kanji

京

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. capital city
  2. ten quadrillion (short scale); ten thousand billion (long scale); 1016
  3. Tokyo
  4. Kyoto

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

/kyau/ > /kyoː/.

Noun

京 (hiragana きょう, rōmaji kyō, historical hiragana きやう)

  1. capital (city)
  2. (abbreviation) Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō)
  3. (abbreviation) Kyoto (京都, Kyōto)

Etymology 2

宮 (miya, “imperial palace”) +‎ 処 (ko, “place”).

Noun

京 (hiragana みやこ, rōmaji miyako)

  1. the place where the emperor resides
  2. a city that acts as an economic and political center; capital
  3. metropolis

Etymology 3

Number

京 (けい, kei)

  1. 10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion

Korean

Hanja

IPA=/kjʌ̹ŋ/ 京 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.


Compounds

  • 京釜 (경부, Gyeongbu)
  • 京仁 (경인, Gyeongin)

See also

Vietnamese

Han character

京 (kinh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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