機

See also: 机
機 U+6A5F, 機
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A5F
← 橞
[U+6A5E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 橠 →
[U+6A60]

Translingual

Japanese 機∣机
Simplified 机
Traditional 機∣机

Han character

機 (radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木女戈戈 (DVII), four-corner 42953, composition ⿰木幾)

Derived characters

  • 𣡯

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 554, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15561
  • Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1298, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6A5F

Usage notes

Note that in Japanese, both 机 and 機 are used with separate meanings (机: desk and 機: machine; airplane; chance) while in simplified Chinese, 机 is the simplified form of 機.

Chinese

trad. 機
simp. 机*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 機
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (幾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
機 *kɯl
譏 *kɯl
嘰 *kɯl
磯 *kɯl
鞿 *kɯl
饑 *kɯl
禨 *kɯl, *kɯls
幾 *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls
鐖 *kɯl
僟 *kɯl
璣 *kɯl
蟣 *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl
穖 *kɯlʔ
畿 *ɡɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯl) : semantic 木 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ki - literary;
  • kui - vernacular.
Rime
Character 機
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居依切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɨi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɨj/
Li
Rong		 /kiəi/
Wang
Li		 /kĭəi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ke̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jī
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 機
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjɨj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kəj/
English mechanism

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 機
Reading # 1/1
No. 5788
Phonetic
component		 幾
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 機
Old
Chinese		 /*kɯl/

Definitions

機

  1. weaving machine; spinning machine
  2. machine; apparatus; device
  3. Short for 飛機 (“aircraft”).
  4. mechanism; process
  5. cause; reason
  6. secret; confidential (affair)
  7. opportunity; chance; crucial point
  8. plan; idea
  9. flexible; quick-witted

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

機

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Usage notes

Often used interchangeably in compounds with 器 (ki) to indicate “machine”, with the distinction that 機 implies a larger machine, such as an airplane, while 器 implies a smaller device, possibly hand-held. Compare 飛行機 (hikōki, “airplane”) with 食器 (shokki, “tableware”).

Alternative forms

機 has many ryakuji (handwritten abbreviations), as it is a common character with many strokes (16):

  • A phono-semantic simplification from on'yomi of “ki” (katakana キ): 木 + キ (semantic plus simplified phonetic) – compare for 議 and for 魔/摩.
  • Graphical simplification.
  • Graphical simplification.
  • Graphical simplification.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
機
き
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 機 (kjɨj, “mechanism”). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.

Pronunciation

Noun

機 (hiragana き, rōmaji ki)

  1. a machine, a device; a contraption
  2. a loom
  3. an opportunity, a chance to do something; the right time or moment
  4. something of great importance: the linchpin of the matter
  5. resourcefulness
  6. (Buddhism) the moment of being moved into action by the teachings of the Buddha: see 機根 (kikon)
  7. by extension, the workings of the heart or mind in general
  8. in Noh theater, the breath of the mind
  9. short for 飛行機 (hikōki): an airplane, an aircraft
  10. short for 機関銃 (kikanjū): a machine gun
Idioms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
機
こぶち
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Alteration from こうべうち (kōbeuchi),[3] itself a compound of 首 (kōbe, “head”) + 打ち (uchi, “striking, hitting”).[3][1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • 首打

Noun

機 (hiragana こぶち, rōmaji kobuchi)

  1. a trap or snare that works by beheading the bird or beast caught in it

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
機
はた
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From onomatopoeic はた (hata), possibly for the sound of the shuttle running back and forth, or for the sound of a woven cloth moving in the wind, compare 旗 (hata, “a flag”).

Pronunciation

Noun

機 (hiragana はた, rōmaji hata)

  1. a loom
  2. woven cloth

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
機
わかつり
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 機る (wakatsuru, “to manipulate something”),[3] itself an alteration of 誘る (okotsuru, “to manipulate or con someone”),[3] a compound of 痴 (oko, “a fool”) + 釣る (tsuru, “to fish, to draw out”).[3]

Pronunciation

Noun

機 (hiragana わかつり, rōmaji wakatsuri)

  1. to manipulate (as in a device)
  2. to manipulate (as in a person): to deceive, to take in someone
  3. to get on someone's right side; to humor someone; to make an effort to please someone

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

機 • (gi) (hangeul 기, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

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Vietnamese

Han character

機 (cơ, ki)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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