首

首 U+9996, 首
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9996
← 馕
[U+9995] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 馗 →
[U+9997]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

首 (radical 185, 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 80601, composition ⿱丷𦣻)

  1. Kangxi radical #185, ⾸.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/首
  • 𠃺, 𫮐, 𡞝, 𭛼, 𢰢, 𪳂, 道, 𣮹, 𤠁, 𪼼, 𫤞, 𫋎, 𨲛

References

  • KangXi: page 1427, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4500, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9996

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 首
alt. forms 𩠐
𦣻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 首
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (首) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
道 *l'uːʔ
導 *duːs
首 *hljuʔ, *hljus

Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) . In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawᶜ ~ krawᶜ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).

This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • siú - literary;
  • chhiú - vernacular.
Rime
Character 首
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 書九切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕuwX/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiuX/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shǒu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 首
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shǒu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥uʔ/
English head

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 首
Reading # 1/2
No. 11671
Phonetic
component		 首
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 首
Old
Chinese		 /*hljuʔ/

Definitions

首

  1. (anatomy) head
  2. chief; leader
  3. start; beginning
  4. first; best; highest
  5. prime；prior; primary
  6. side; direction
  7. Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 首
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舒救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕuwH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiuH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shòu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 首
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shǒu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syuwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥uʔ-s/
English turn the head towards

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 首
Reading # 2/2
No. 11672
Phonetic
component		 首
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 狩
Old
Chinese		 /*hljus/

Definitions

首

  1. to report someone to the authorities
  2. to plead guilty
  3. to face (a direction)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

首

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. neck
  2. counter for songs and poems
  3. beginning, first

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
首
くび
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

首 (hiragana くび, rōmaji kubi)

  1. neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)
  2. the neck and head as a whole
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

首 (hiragana おびと, rōmaji obito)

  1. (archaic) one who rules or commands a group of people; a chief

Noun

首 (hiragana しゅ, rōmaji shu)

  1. (rare) The first one; a lord

See Also

  • Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/首

Etymology 3

kamipe > kampe > kaube > koːbe. Compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) with the suffix 方 (he, “location”).

Noun

首 (hiragana こうべ, rōmaji kōbe, historical hiragana かうべ)

  1. (part of the body) head

Etymology 4

Counter

首 (hiragana しゅ, rōmaji -shu)

  1. poems and songs

See also

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

首 • (su)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 수 (McCune–Reischauer: su, Yale: swu)
    • Name (hangeul): 머리 (revised: meori, McCune–Reischauer: mŏri)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

首 (thủ, thú)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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