巳

See also: 己 and 已

巳	U+5DF3, 巳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DF3

← 已
[U+5DF2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

巴 →
[U+5DF4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

巳 (radical 49 己+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 口山 (RU), four-corner 7771₇)

Derived characters

Index:Chinese radical/己
包 (Chinese form)
导

References

KangXi: page 326, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8744

Dae Jaweon: page 631, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 984, character 2

Unihan data for U+5DF3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		巳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 巳
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (巳) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
巳	ljɯʔ, lɯs
祀	*ljɯʔ
汜	*ljɯʔ
戺	*zrɯʔ
起	*kʰɯʔ
熙	*qʰlɯ
媐	qʰlɯ, lɯ
圯	*lɯ
异	lɯ, lɯs
巸	*lɯ

Different theories:

Pictogram (象形) of a snake
Pictogram (象形) of a fetus

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sì (si⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄙˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶
Min Nan (POJ): sǐr / sū / chī

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: sì
  - Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
  - Wade–Giles: szu⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
  - IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶
  - Yale: jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐr
  - Tâi-lô: sǐr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sū
  - Tâi-lô: sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: su
  - IPA (Xiamen): /su²²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chī
  - Tâi-lô: tsī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ci
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi³³/

Note: chī - vernacular, sū - literary.

Middle Chinese: /zɨ^X/▼

Rime
Character	巳
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	詳里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/zɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/zie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ziə^X/
Wang Li	/zĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sì

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-[ɢ]əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ljɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	巳
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sì
Middle Chinese	‹ zi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s-[ɢ]əʔ/
English	6th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	巳
Reading #	1/2
No.	12007
Phonetic component	巳
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	似
Old Chinese	/*ljɯʔ/

Definitions

巳

sixth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
snake (蛇) of Chinese zodiac

Coordinate terms

(earthly branches) 地支; 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Compounds

上巳 (Shàngsì)

巳時／巳时 (sìshí)

巳蛇

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #210”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 巳 – see 已 (“to stop; to finish; already; have done something”). (This character, 巳, is a variant form of 已.)

Japanese

Kanji

巳

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

sign of the snake

Readings

Goon: じ (ji)
Kan’on: し (shi)
Kun: み (mi, 巳)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
巳
み Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Short for 蛇 (hemi, “snake”)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) み [mì] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA^(key): [mʲi]
Homophones: 身, 実, 子

Proper noun

巳 (hiragana み, rōmaji Mi)

the Snake, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
巳
し Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 巳 (zi^X)

Proper noun

巳 (hiragana し, rōmaji Shi)

the Snake, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Korean

Hanja

巳 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

the hours from 9 to 11
6th terrestrial branch

Vietnamese

Han character

巳 (tị)

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