妻

妻 U+59BB, 妻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59BB
← 妺
[U+59BA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 妼 →
[U+59BC]

Translingual

Han character

妻 (radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中女 (JLV), four-corner 50404, composition ⿱⿻一肀女)

References

  • KangXi: page 257, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6140
  • Dae Jaweon: page 522, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1036, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+59BB

Chinese

Historical forms of the character 妻
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (妻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妻 *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls
萋 *sʰiːl
淒 *sʰiːl
凄 *sʰiːl
悽 *sʰiːl
鶈 *sʰiːl
郪 *sʰiːl, *sʰil
緀 *sʰiːl, *sʰiːlʔ
霋 *sʰiːl
棲 *siːl
simp. and trad.
 妻

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • chhe - literary;
  • chhoe - vernacular.
Rime
Character 妻
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 七稽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰei/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰei/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰɛj/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰei/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰiei/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰiei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qī
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 妻
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshej ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]ˤəj/
English consort, wife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 妻
Reading # 1/2
No. 9913
Phonetic
component		 妻
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 妻
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰiːl/

Definitions

妻

  1. wife
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 妻子 (“wife”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 妻、妻兒、內人、夫人、娘子
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 妻子、夫人、太太、愛人 Mainland China, old-styled、妻室、妻房
Mandarin Beijing 女人、媳婦兒
Taiwan 太太、老婆、牽手
Jinan 老婆、媳婦、女的、家裡
Xi'an 女人、媳婦兒、老婆、屋裡人
Wuhan 女的、女將、屋裡、堂客
Chengdu 女的、女人、婆娘
Yangzhou 老婆、媽媽、堂客
Hefei 老婆、奶奶們
Cantonese Guangzhou 老婆、女人
Hong Kong 老婆、女人
Taishan 老婆
Yangjiang 老婆、家下
Gan Nanchang 老婆、女客
Hakka Meixian 老婆
Xingning 老婆
Huidong 老婆
Qujiang 老婆
Xiaosanjiang 婆娜
Changting 老婆
Pingyu 老婆、餔娘
Wuping 老婆
Liancheng 婦娘
Ninghua 老婆
Ruijin 老婆、婦娘
Shicheng 老婆
Shangyou 老婆
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 餔娘、老姐
Liudui (S. Sixian) 姐仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 餔娘、老姐
Dongshi (Dabu) 餔娘、老姐
Zhuolan (Raoping) 餔娘、老姐
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 夫娘
Jin Taiyuan 家裡的、女人、老婆
Min Bei Jian'ou 老媽
Min Dong Fuzhou 老媽、諸娘人、厝裡
Min Nan Xiamen 某、牽手、牽手的、查某人、厝內、厝內人、家內、家內人、家後、內人、內助、婦人人、柴耙、老柴杮、老柴㷮
Quanzhou 某、牽手、牽手的、查某人、厝內、家內、家內人、家後、內人、內助、婦人人
Zhangzhou 某、牽手、牽手的、查某人、厝內、厝內人、家內、家內人、家後、內人、內助、婦人人
Taipei 太太、某、牽手
Kaohsiung 太太、某、查某人、柴耙、牽手、牽的、煮飯的
Tainan 太太、某、查某人、柴耙、牽手、牽的、煮飯的
Taichung 某、家後、牽手
Hsinchu 某、家後、查某人、煮飯的、柴耙
Lukang 某、查某人、柴耙、牽手、煮飯的
Sanxia 太太、阮厝的查某人、阿貼的、後柴耙、某
Yilan 太太、某、查某人、家後、柴耙、牽手、牽的、煮飯的
Kinmen 某、家內、太的
Magong 某、牽手、查某人、姿娘、夫人、家內、柴耙
Penang 某、查某人、家後
Singapore 某、厝內、厝內人
Chaozhou 某
Wu Shanghai 老婆、太太、妻子、夫人、內人、女人、家主婆、屋裡個、屋裡
Suzhou 女人、家小、家主婆、屋裡
Wenzhou 老安、老人客、屋裡
Xiang Changsha 堂客
Shuangfeng 堂客、老婆

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 妻
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 七計切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰɛjH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰeiH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 妻
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshejH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]ˤəj-s/
English give as wife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 妻
Reading # 2/2
No. 9923
Phonetic
component		 妻
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 砌
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰiːls/

Definitions

妻

  1. † to give a wife to; to give as a wife; to become married to a man
  2. † to marry a woman

Japanese

Kanji

妻

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. spouse

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
妻
つま
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

From 端 (tsuma, “side, edge”), indicating the person who is at the side of someone: a spouse.[1] Compare the English expression better half.

This term originally referred to either a male (husband) or female (wife) spouse. In modern usage, this term refers only to a female spouse.[1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

妻 (hiragana つま, rōmaji tsuma)

  1. (archaic) a spouse
  2. (humble, only refers to one's own) a wife (married woman)
    • 1999 February 15 [Jun 20 1983], Tezuka, Osamu, “第８話　未知への挑戦 [Chapter 8: Challenge of the Third Kind]”, in ブラック・ジャック [Black Jack], volume 18 (fiction, in Japanese), 8th edition, Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 176:
      先生………………私の妻は美しいでしょう？
      ああ！すばらしい美人ですよ！
      でしょう？なにしろ昨年のミス・イウレガだったのですから
      Sensei……………… Watashi no tsuma wa utsukushii deshō?
      Ā! Subarashii bijin desu yo!
      Deshō? Nani shiro sakunen no Misu Iurega datta no desu kara
      Doctor……………… Do you think my wife is beautiful?
      Sure! She’s a gorgeous lady!
      I know, right? She was last year’s Miss Iurega after all
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
妻
つま
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

By extension from the at the side sense.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

妻 (hiragana つま, rōmaji tsuma)

  1. a side dish
  2. a tangent, a digression, something to the side of the main thing

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
妻
さい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 妻 (MC t͡sʰei, t͡sʰeiH, “wife”).

Pronunciation

Noun

妻 (hiragana さい, rōmaji sai)

  1. my wife
    • Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
      Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
      I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
Usage notes
  • Used chiefly in written texts such as letters.

References

  1. 1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

妻 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

妻 (thê, thế)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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