偶

偶	U+5076, 偶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5076

← 偵
[U+5075]

CJK Unified Ideographs

偷 →
[U+5077]

Translingual

Han character

偶 (radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人田中月 (OWLB), four-corner 2622₇, composition ⿰亻禺)

Derived characters

𠽀, 𢠉, 𣼱, 𦸲, 𢠙

References

KangXi: page 112, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 899
Dae Jaweon: page 238, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 190, character 3
Unihan data for U+5076

Chinese

simp. and trad.		偶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偶

**Small seal script**
s05899

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (禺) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
齵	ŋoː, ŋo
偶	ŋoːʔ, ŋoːs
耦	*ŋoːʔ
藕	*ŋoːʔ
髃	ŋoːʔ, ŋo
蕅	*ŋoːʔ
愚	*ŋo
隅	*ŋo
禺	ŋo, ŋos
湡	*ŋo
堣	*ŋo
嵎	*ŋo
鰅	ŋo, ŋoŋ
鍝	*ŋo
遇	*ŋos
寓	*ŋos
庽	*ŋos
媀	*ŋos
喁	*ŋoŋ
顒	*ŋoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) – a statue of a person, an idol.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): ǒu (ou³)

(Zhuyin): ㄡˇ

(Chengdu, SP): ngou³
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiéu
Min Nan (POJ): gió / ngó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄡˇ
  - Wade–Giles: ou³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oou
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ngou³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngou
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋəu⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngau⁵
  - Yale: ngáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngeo⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiéu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngieu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngieu³
  - IPA: /ɲi̯eu̯³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gió
  - Tâi-lô: gió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gioir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngor
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ŋəu^X/▼

Rime
Character	偶
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五口切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋəu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋəu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋəw^X/
Li Rong	/ŋu^X/
Wang Li	/ŋəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ǒu

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤ(r)oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	偶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ nguw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˤ(r)oʔ/
English	pair, double
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偶
Reading #	1/2
No.	15913
Phonetic component	禺
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	藕
Old Chinese	/*ŋoːʔ/

Definitions

偶

idol
偶像 ― ǒuxiàng ― idol

穿 8 號球衣的那個運動員是我的偶像！ [MSC, trad.]
穿 8 号球衣的那个运动员是我的偶像！ [MSC, simp.]
Chuān 8 hào qiúyī de nà ge yùndòngyuán shì wǒ de ǒuxiàng! [Pinyin]
The athlete wearing no. 8 is my idol!
couple, pair
even (number)
偶數 / 偶数 ― ǒushù ― even number

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ǒu (ou³)

(Zhuyin): ㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄡˇ
  - Wade–Giles: ou³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oou
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngau⁵
  - Yale: ngáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngeo⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯¹³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋəu^H/▼

Rime
Character	偶
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五遘切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋəw^H/
Li Rong	/ŋu^H/
Wang Li	/ŋəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	òu

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋoːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偶
Reading #	2/2
No.	15918
Phonetic component	禺
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	偶
Old Chinese	/*ŋoːs/

Definitions

偶

accidentally, coincidentally, by accident, by chance, occasionally
偶爾 / 偶尔 ― ǒu'ěr ― occasionally

偶然 ― ǒurán ― occasionally, accidentally

Compounds

不偶
不偶世
仇偶
佳偶
佳偶天成
偶一為之／偶一为之
偶人 (ǒurén)
偶作
偶像 (ǒuxiàng)
偶函數／偶函数 (ǒuhánshù)
偶句對／偶句对
偶合 (ǒuhé)
偶影
偶得
偶性
偶感
偶成
偶或
偶戲／偶戏
偶戲人／偶戏人
偶拾
偶數／偶数 (ǒushù)
偶方
偶族

偶書／偶书
偶然 (ǒurán)
偶然性 (ǒuránxìng)
偶然論／偶然论
偶爾／偶尔 (ǒu'ěr)
偶發／偶发 (ǒufā)
偶而 (ǒu'ér)
偶視／偶视
偶語／偶语
偶蹄目
偶鰭／偶鳍
分隸偶存／分隶偶存
力偶
匹偶
喪偶／丧偶 (sàng'ǒu)
嘉偶天成
土偶
土偶桃梗
土木偶人
大玩偶
奇偶
對偶／对偶 (duì'ǒu)
布偶
怨偶

排偶
提偶
提線木偶／提线木偶
擇偶／择偶 (zé'ǒu)
木偶 (mù'ǒu)
木偶人
木偶影片
木偶戲／木偶戏 (mù'ǒuxì)
未偶
杖頭木偶／杖头木偶
求偶 (qiú'ǒu)
流落不偶
無獨有偶／无独有偶
熱電偶／热电偶
玩偶 (wán'ǒu)
百年佳偶
相人偶
配偶 (pèi'ǒu)
配偶家族
鐵線木偶／铁线木偶
陶偶
鬱堙不偶／郁堙不偶
齊大非偶／齐大非偶 (qídàfēi'ǒu)

Japanese

Kanji

偶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Goon: ぐ (gu)
Kan’on: ごう (gō)
Kan’yōon: ぐう (gū, Jōyō)
Kun: たぐい (tagui, 偶); たまたま (tamatama, 偶)

Compounds

偶然

配偶者 (はいぐうしゃ) (haigūsha, “spouse”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
偶
たま Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

適

Adjective

偶 (-na inflection, hiragana たま, rōmaji tama)

occasional

Inflection

Inflection of 偶

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	偶だろ	たまだろ	tama daro
Continuative (連用形)	偶で	たまで	tama de
Terminal (終止形)	偶だ	たまだ	tama da
Attributive (連体形)	偶な	たまな	tama na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	偶なら	たまなら	tama nara
Imperative (命令形)	偶であれ	たまであれ	tama de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	偶ではない偶じゃない	たまではないたまじゃない	tama de wa nai tama ja nai
Informal past	偶だった	たまだった	tama datta
Informal negative past	偶ではなかった偶じゃなかった	たまではなかったたまじゃなかった	tama de wa nakatta tama ja nakatta
Formal	偶です	たまです	tama desu
Formal negative	偶ではありません偶じゃありません	たまではありませんたまじゃありません	tama de wa arimasen tama ja arimasen
Formal past	偶でした	たまでした	tama deshita
Formal negative past	偶ではありませんでした偶じゃありませんでした	たまではありませんでしたたまじゃありませんでした	tama de wa arimasen deshita tama ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	偶で	たまで	tama de
Conditional	偶なら（ば）	たまなら（ば）	tama nara (ba)
Provisional	偶だったら	たまだったら	tama dattara
Volitional	偶だろう	たまだろう	tama darō
Adverbial	偶に	たまに	tama ni
Degree	偶さ	たまさ	tamasa

Noun

偶 (hiragana たま, rōmaji tama)

rarity

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
偶
たまたま Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

偶偶, 偶々
適

Adverb

偶 (hiragana たまたま, rōmaji tamatama)

unexpectedly, by chance; luckily

Korean

Hanja

偶 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

偶 (ngẫu, ngẩu, ngậu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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