白菜

Chinese

		white; empty; blank white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous	dish (type of food); vegetables
trad. (白菜)		白	菜
simp. ^#(白菜)		白	菜

白菜 (1.1)

白菜 (1.2)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): báicài

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄘㄞˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): быйцэ (I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): baak⁶ coi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pha̍k-chhoi
Min Dong (BUC): băh-cái
Min Nan (POJ): pe̍h-chhài / pe̍eh-chhài
Wu (Wiktionary): baq tshe (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: báicài → báicai (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄘㄞˋ → ㄅㄞˊ ˙ㄘㄞ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bair.tsay
  - IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/ → /paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: быйцэ (I-II)
  - IPA ^(key): /pɨi²⁴ t͡sʰɛː⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: baak⁶ coi³
  - Yale: baahk choi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁹ tsoi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bag⁶ coi³
  - IPA ^(key): /pɑːk̚² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha̍k-chhoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: pag coi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pag⁶ coi⁴
  - IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ t͡sʰo̯i⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: băh-cái
  - IPA ^(key): /paʔ⁵⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)ʒɑi²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-chhài
  - Tâi-lô: pe̍h-tshài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peqzhaix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰaɪ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaɪ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍eh-chhài
  - Tâi-lô: pe̍eh-tshài
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: baq tshe (T5)
  - IPA ^(key): /b̻a̱ʔ¹¹ t͡sʰe̞²³/

Noun

白菜

Various varieties of Brassica rapa, including:
1. napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
  - 他說：「哪兒也比不了北京。北京的熬白菜也比別處好吃，——五味神在北京。」 [MSC, trad.]
    他说：“哪儿也比不了北京。北京的熬白菜也比别处好吃，——五味神在北京。” [MSC, simp.]
    From: 1993, 汪曾祺 (Wang Zengqi), 胡同文化
    Tā shuō: “Nǎr yě bǐ bùliǎo Běijīng. Běijīng de āo báicài yě bǐ biéchù hǎochī, — Wǔwèishén zài Běijīng.” [Pinyin]
    He said, “No place [else] can match Beijing. Even Beijing’s boiled napa cabbage tastes better than [it does] elsewhere – Wuweishen is at Beijing.”
2. bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
  - 有了你開心 D，乜都稱心滿意，鹹魚白菜也好好味。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    有了你开心 D，乜都称心满意，咸鱼白菜也好好味。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    From: 1980, 林子祥 (George Lam), 分分鐘需要你
    Jau⁵ liu⁵ nei⁵ hoi¹ sam¹ di¹, mat¹ dou¹ cing³ sam¹ mun⁵ ji³, haam⁴ jyu⁴ baak⁶ coi³ jaa⁵ hou² hou² mei⁶. [Jyutping]
    With you I'm happier, everything's going as I wish, even salted fish and bok choy make a delicious meal.

Usage notes

Regional usage differs on which variety 白菜 usually refers to.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 大白菜 (“napa cabbage”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		大白菜
Mandarin	Beijing	大白菜
	Harbin	大白菜、白菜
	Jinan	大白菜
	Muping	大白菜
	Luoyang	白菜、大白菜
	Jiedian	白菜
	Xuzhou	大白菜、白菜
	Ürümqi	白菜
	Wuhan	黃芽白
	Liuzhou	白菜
	Yangzhou	黃芽菜
	Nanjing	大白菜、黃芽菜、白菜 in names of dishes
Cantonese	Guangzhou	黃芽白、紹菜
	Hong Kong	黃芽白、紹菜
	Shunde	黃芽白
	Foshan	黃芽白、紹菜
	Zhongshan	黃芽白、紹菜
	Dongguan	黃芽白
	Taishan	龍牙白、紹菜
	Doumen	紹菜
	Kaiping	龍牙白
	Shaoguan	黃芽白
	Yunfu	黃芽白、紹菜
	Yangjiang	紹菜
	Xinyi	黃芽白
	Lianjiang	黃芽白
	Nanning	京白菜、黃芽白
	Wuzhou	京白菜、黃芽白
	Yulin	大白菜、竹筒白
	Hepu	黃芽白
	Kuala Lumpur	包菜
Gan	Pingxiang	黃芽白
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	包心白
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	包心白
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	包心白
	Dongshi (Dabu)	包心白
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	包心白
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	包心白
	Senai	包菜
Jin	Taiyuan	包頭白、大白菜
Min Nan	Pingnan	大白菜
	Johor Bahru	白菜
	Haikou	白菜
Pinghua	Nanning	京白菜
Wu	Shanghai	大白菜、白菜
	Suzhou	白菜
	Danyang	白菜、黃芽菜
	Jinhua	白菜
Xiang	Changsha	黃芽白、芽白
	Loudi	黃牛白、高腳白
	Quanzhou	白菜

Dialectal synonyms of 小白菜 (“bok choy”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		小白菜
Mandarin	Beijing	小白菜兒
	Harbin	小白菜兒
	Muping	小白菜兒
	Luoyang	小白菜兒
	Xi'an	小白菜
	Xining	小白菜
	Xuzhou	小白菜、青菜
	Yinchuan	小白菜
	Ürümqi	小白菜
	Wuhan	白菜
	Chengdu	白菜秧兒、小白菜
	Guilin	小白菜
	Liuzhou	小白菜
	Nanjing	青菜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	白菜
	Hong Kong	白菜
	Dongguan	白菜
	Taishan	白菜
Gan	Pingxiang	白菜
Hakka	Meixian	白菜
	Luchuan	小白菜
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	白菜
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	白菜
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	白菜
	Dongshi (Dabu)	白菜
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	白菜
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	白菜
Jin	Xinzhou	小白菜
Min Bei	Jian'ou	白菜仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	白菜囝
Min Dong	Fuqing	白菜囝
Min Nan	Haikou	青菜
Pinghua	Guilin	小白菜
Wu	Chongming	小青菜
Wu	Danyang	青菜

Derived terms

上海白菜 (shànghǎi báicài)
圓白菜／圆白菜 (yuánbáicài)
大白菜 (dàbáicài)
小白菜 (xiǎobáicài)

洋白菜 (yángbáicài)
海白菜
白菜價／白菜价 (báicàijià)
青江白菜

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (白菜):

Japanese: 白菜 (ハクサイ) (hakusai, “napa cabbage”)

Others:

→ Cebuano: petsay, pechay
- → English: pechay
→ English: bok choy, pak choi, bokchoi, bok choi, baicai, petsai
- → Russian: бокчо́й (bokčój)
→ Italian: pe-tsai
→ Japanese: 白 (パク)菜 (チョイ) (pakuchoi, “bok choy”)
→ Korean: 배추 (baechu, “napa cabbage”)
→ Mongolian: байцаа (bajtsaa, “cabbage”)
→ Russian: петса́й (petsáj)
→ Tagalog: petsay
→ Tibetan: པད་ཚལ (pad tshal)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
白	菜
はく Grade: 1	さい Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Chinese 白菜

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) はくさい [hàkúsáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]^[2]^[3]
- (Tokyo) はくさい [hàkúsáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
- IPA^(key): [ha̠kɯ̟̊ᵝsa̠i]

Noun

白菜 (hiragana はくさい, katakana ハクサイ, rōmaji hakusai)

napa cabbage

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
白	菜
ぱく Grade: 1	ちょい Grade: 4
Irregular

Borrowed from Cantonese 白菜 (baak6 coi3)

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) パクチョイ [pàkúchóí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [pa̠kɯ̟̊ᵝt͡ɕo̞i]

Noun

白菜 (katakana パクチョイ, rōmaji pakuchoi)

Synonym of 青梗菜 (“bok choy”)

References

1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1 2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
白	菜

Noun

白菜 • (baekchae) (hangeul 백채)

Hanja form^? of 백채 (“napa cabbage”).

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[DJR-1] 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 1 2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

白菜

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Korean

Noun