甚

See also: 其 and 什
甚 U+751A, 甚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-751A
← 甙
[U+7519] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甛 →
[U+751B]

Translingual

Han character

甚 (radical 99 甘+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿一一女 (TMMV), four-corner 44711, composition ⿱甘匹)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 754, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21648
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 25, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+751A

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 甚
alt. forms 𠥄
𠯕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 甚
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湛 *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅 *ʔl'uːm
黮 *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂 *sluːmʔ
堪 *kʰluːm
戡 *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁 *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁 *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘 *kʰluːms
磡 *kʰuːms
墈 *kʰuːms
偡 *r'uːmʔ
碪 *ʔl'um
椹 *ʔl'um
揕 *ʔl'ums
踸 *l̥ʰumʔ
鍖 *l̥ʰumʔ
斟 *kljum
諶 *ɡljum
愖 *ɡljum
瘎 *ɡljum
煁 *ɡljum
甚 *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚 *ɦljumʔ

Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 甘 + 匹.

Etymology 1

Perhaps cognate with 斟 (OC *kljum, “to pour”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note: sap6 - rare.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 甚
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂən⁵³/
Tianjin /ʂən⁵³/
/sən⁵³/
Jinan /ʂẽ²¹/
Qingdao /ʃə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂən³¹²/
Xi'an /ʂẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /ʂə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /sən³⁵/
Chengdu /sən¹³/
Guiyang /sen²¹³/
Kunming /ʂə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ʂən⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʂən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən³¹/
Hangzhou /zen¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ʂən⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ʂən⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /səm⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʃem³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm²²/
Nanning /sɐm²²/
Hong Kong /sɐm²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sim⁵³/
/sim²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sim³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tim³³/
Rime
Character 甚 甚
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 侵 (139) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 常枕切 時鴆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiɪmX/ /d͡ʑiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑimX/ /d͡ʑimH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑjemX/ /d͡ʑjemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑimX/ /d͡ʑimH/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiəmX/ /ʑiəmH/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭĕmX/ /ʑĭĕmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯əmX/ /ʑi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shèn shèn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 甚 甚
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shèn shèn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyimX › ‹ dzyimH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ/ /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ-s/
English excessive, very excessive

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 甚 甚
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11296 11297
Phonetic
component		 甚 甚
Rime
group		 侵 侵
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 甚 甚
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡljumʔ/ /*ɡljums/

Definitions

甚

  1. serious; extreme
  2. extremely; considerably
  3. to exceed
  4. A surname​.

Compounds

  • 一之為甚／一之为甚
  • 一之謂甚／一之谓甚
  • 不求甚解 (bùqiúshènjiě)
  • 不為已甚／不为已甚 (bùwéiyǐshèn)
  • 不甚 (bùshèn)
  • 不甚了了 (bùshèn liǎoliǎo)
  • 不甚合意
  • 厥功甚偉／厥功甚伟
  • 去泰去甚
  • 去甚去泰
  • 名聲籍甚／名声籍甚
  • 太甚
  • 家徒甚殷
  • 尤有甚者
  • 尤甚 (yóushèn)
  • 已甚 (yǐshèn)
  • 籍甚
  • 聲稱籍甚／声称籍甚
  • 腹笥甚廣／腹笥甚广
  • 自奉甚儉／自奉甚俭
  • 莫此為甚／莫此为甚
  • 著甚來由／著甚来由
  • 藉甚
  • 蝕甚／蚀甚
  • 衣冠甚偉／衣冠甚伟
  • 言之過甚／言之过甚
  • 軒軒甚得／轩轩甚得
  • 逼人太甚
  • 過從甚密／过从甚密
  • 過甚／过甚
  • 過甚其實／过甚其实
  • 過甚其詞／过甚其词

Etymology 2

Pronunciation 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 甚 – see 什 (“ten families; etc.”).
(This character, 甚, is a variant traditional form of 什.)

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

甚

  1. (literary or dialectal) what
    甚事？  ―  Shèn shì?  ―  What is it?

Compounds

  • 做甚
  • 則甚／则甚
  • 只甚
  • 沒甚／没甚
  • 沒甚意思／没甚意思
  • 沒甚首尾／没甚首尾
  • 甚事
  • 甚底
  • 甚的
  • 著甚

Japanese

Kanji

甚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. tremendously
  2. very
  3. great
  4. exceedingly

Readings

Korean

Hanja

甚 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)

  1. great extent
  2. considerably

Vietnamese

Han character

甚 (thậm, rậm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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