斗

See also: 鬥 and 头
斗 U+6597, 斗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6597
← 斖
[U+6596] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斘 →
[U+6598]

Translingual

Stroke order
Japanese 闘
Simplified 斗
Traditional 鬥/鬭

Han character

斗 (radical 68, 斗+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜十 (YJ), four-corner 34000)

  1. Kangxi radical #68, ⽃.

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 477, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13489
  • Dae Jaweon: page 835, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2252, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6597

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斗
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (斗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斗 *toːʔ
抖 *toːʔ
蚪 *toːʔ
枓 *toːʔ, *tjoʔ
阧 *toːʔ
斢 *tʰoːʔ
鈄 *tʰoːʔ

Pictogram (象形) (Shuowen), indicating a ladle-shaped dou (see below) held by hand.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 斗
alt. forms 𤣫
𠦁
𣁬

Pronunciations 1 (“dipper, ladle”) and 2 (“water ladle”) are cognate. Variant character: 枓 (dǒu, “ladle”). They probably belong to the same word family as 注 (OC *tjos, “to pour”), as a derived noun. Within Sino-Tibetan, compare Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), འཆུ ('chu, “to scoop up, to ladle water”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • táu - vernacular;
  • tió/tó͘ - literary.
Rime
Character 斗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 當口切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /təuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /təuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /təuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /təwX/
Li
Rong		 /tuX/
Wang
Li		 /təuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dǒu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斗
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dǒu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˤoʔ/
English bushel; ladle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斗
Reading # 1/1
No. 2451
Phonetic
component		 斗
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 斗
Old
Chinese		 /*toːʔ/
Definitions

斗

  1. A dipper or cup-like object, used in ancient China as a wine vessel.
    • 斗量  ―  dǒuliàng  ―  to measure with dou; numerous
    • 斗筲  ―  dǒushāo  ―  dou and xiao; humble; insignificant
  2. Any dou-shaped object; dipper, ladle.
    漏斗  ―  lòudǒu  ―  funnel
    熨斗  ―  yùndǒu  ―  flatiron
    • 煙斗 / 烟斗  ―  yāndǒu  ―  tobacco pipe
    • 風斗 / 风斗  ―  fēngdǒu  ―  wind scoop
    • 水斗  ―  shuǐdǒu  ―  water ladle
    • 墨斗  ―  mòdǒu  ―  carpenter's ink marker
    • 抽斗  ―  chōudǒu  ―  drawer
    • 斗笠  ―  dǒulì  ―  wide-brimmed rain hat
    • 斗篷  ―  dǒupéng  ―  cape, cloak
  3. Round or spiral shaped; fingerprint (a dactylogram)
  4. A unit of dry measure (for grains, especially rice) roughly equal to 1 decaliter.
  5. A unit of measure based on dou.
    • 升斗  ―  shēngdǒu  ―  sheng and dou; a small amount
  6. (figuratively) small, short, narrow (as with a dipper)
    • 斗室  ―  dǒushì  ―  small room
  7. (figuratively) big, high, to be full of (as with a dipper)
  8. Stars in general.
    • 星斗  ―  xīngdǒu  ―  stars
  9. (北斗) The Big Dipper, an asterism of seven stars.
    • 星移斗轉 / 星移斗转  ―  xīngyídǒuzhuǎn  ―  passage of time
    • 泰斗  ―  tàidǒu  ―  the leading authority
  10. (斗宿) The Dipper (Chinese constellation), one of the twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.
  11. (南斗) A subconstellation of the above mansion, consisting of six stars.
  12. (小北斗) The Little Dipper, a constellation of six stars.
  13. A Chinese constellation (星官) consisting of five stars.
  14. Short for 刁斗 (“cauldron, cymbal”).
  15. Short for 科斗 (“tadpole”).
  16. (斗姆) Doumu, a goddess in Taoism.
  17. Alternative form of 枓 (“the system of wood brackets on the top of a column supporting the crossbeam”).
    • 斗拱  ―  dǒugǒng  ―  corbel bracket
  18. Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “steep, cliffy”).
  19. Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”).
  20. Alternative form of 抖 (dǒu, “to tremble, to shake off”).
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斗
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*toʔ/
English ladle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Definitions

斗

  1. A unit of measure for liquids.
  2. Alternative form of 枓 (“ladle or spoon used for scooping water”).
  3. Alternative form of 主 (zhǔ, “master, God”).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 鬥 (“to fight, to struggle; to make animals fight; etc.”).
(This character, 斗, is the simplified form of 鬥.)
Notes:

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 陡 (“steep; sloping; abruptly; suddenly”).
(This character, 斗, is the second-round simplified form of 陡.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

斗

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. a unit of liquid measure

Readings

Compounds

Noun

斗 (hiragana と, rōmaji to)

  1. an obsolete unit of liquid measure equal to 18 liters or 18000 cc.

Korean

Hanja

斗 • (du) (hangeul 두)

  1. (말 두): measure of about 18 liters; such measuring vessel
  2. (조두 두): cauldron; cymbal
  3. (구기 두): dipper, ladle
  4. (별이름 두): asterism around Polaris such as Big Dipper and Little Dipper

Synonyms

  • (cauldron): 刁

Coordinate terms

  • (unit): 合 (홉, hob, 1⁄100 mal); 升 (승, seung, 1⁄10 mal); 石 (섬, seom, 10-20 mal)

Compounds

  • 大斗 (대두, daedu)
  • 小斗 (소두, sodu)
  • 刁斗 (조두, jodu)
  • 北斗 (북두, bugdu)
  • 南斗 (남두, namdu)

References

Vietnamese

Han character

斗 (đẩu, đấu, điếu, tẩu)

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