小年
Chinese
small; tiny; few; young |
year | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (小年) |
小 | 年 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaunian
- IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: siu2 nin4
- Yale: síu nìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu2 nin4
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu2 nin4
- IPA (key): /siːu̯³⁵ niːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-nî
- Tâi-lô: sió-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: sioynii
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 小 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 私兆切 | 奴顚切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/siᴇuX/ | /nen/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/siɛuX/ | /nen/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/sjæuX/ | /nɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/siawX/ | /nɛn/ |
| Li Rong |
/siɛuX/ | /nen/ |
| Wang Li |
/sĭɛuX/ | /nien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/si̯ɛuX/ | /nien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiǎo | nián |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 小 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xiǎo | nián |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ sjewX › | ‹ nen › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[s]ewʔ/ | /*C.nˤi[ŋ]/ |
| English | small | harvest; year |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 小 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13705 | 9482 |
| Phonetic component |
小 | 秊 |
| Rime group |
宵 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
小 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*smewʔ/ | /*niːŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象沙而指小，指事字 | 同秊 |
Noun
小年
- lunar year in which the last month has 29 days
- festival on the 23rd or 24th of the 12th month of the lunar year when sacrifices are made to the kitchen god
- off year (for fruit trees, bamboos, etc.)
- (literary) a short lifespan
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhāojūn bù zhī huìshuò, huìgū bù zhī chūnqiū, cǐ xiǎonián yě. [Pinyin]
- The mushroom of a morning does not know (what takes place between) the beginning and end of a month; the short-lived cicada does not know (what takes place between) the spring and autumn. These are instances of a short term of life.
- (literary) youth
- (literary) nearly a year; a long time
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