勒

勒	U+52D2, 勒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D2

← 勑
[U+52D1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

勓 →
[U+52D3]

Translingual

Han character

勒 (radical 19 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十大尸 (TJKS), four-corner 4452₇, composition ⿰革力)

References

KangXi: page 148, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2386

Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 374, character 1

Unihan data for U+52D2

Chinese

simp. and trad.		勒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
勒	*rɯːɡ
肋	*rɯːɡ
扐	*rɯːɡ
仂	rɯːɡ, rɯɡ
艻	*rɯːɡ
朸	rɯːɡ, rɯɡ
玏	*rɯːɡ
泐	rɯːɡ, rɯɡ
阞	*rɯːɡ
竻	*rɯːɡ
力	*rɯɡ
屴	*rɯɡ
鳨	*rɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯːɡ) : semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lè, lēi (le⁴, lei¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄜˋ, ㄌㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lak⁶, laak⁶
Min Dong (BUC): lĕk
Min Nan (POJ): lia̍k / le̍k / liak / leh / le̍h
Wu (Wiktionary): leq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lè
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: lê⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leh
  - IPA ^(key): /lɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟ
  - Wade–Giles: lei¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhei
  - IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯⁵⁵/

Note: lēi - vernacular (“to tie tight”) - lè - literary (other senses).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lak⁶, laak⁶
  - Yale: lahk, laahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lak⁹, laak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: leg⁶, lag⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐk̚²/, /lɑːk̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lĕk
  - IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛiʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liak
  - Tâi-lô: liak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: leh
  - Tâi-lô: leh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /leʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍h
  - Tâi-lô: le̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leh
  - IPA (Xiamen): /leʔ⁴/

Note:

lia̍k/le̍k/liak - literary;
leh/le̍h - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: leq (T5)
  - IPA ^(key): /ləʔ¹²/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 勒
Mandarin	Beijing	/lɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lɤ²¹³/ ～令 /lei⁴⁴/ ～緊
	Tianjin	/lei²¹/ /lɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/lə²¹³/ /lei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/lə⁴²/ /le⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/lei²¹/
	Xining	/lɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lia¹³/ /lə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/nɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ne³¹/ /nie³¹/
	Guiyang	/lɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/lə³¹/
	Nanjing	/ləʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/laɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/lʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ləʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ləʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ləʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ləʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/le²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/le²²/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/lə²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/næ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/let̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lɐk̚²/
	Nanning	/lɐk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lɐk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/lɛiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/lɛ⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lek̚⁵/ /lek̚³/

Middle Chinese: /lək̚/▼

Rime
Character	勒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧則切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lək̚/
Li Rong	/lək̚/
Wang Li	/lək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lè

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*rɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勒	勒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lè	lè
Middle Chinese	‹ lok ›	‹ lok ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˤək/	/*[r]ˤək/
English	engrave	bridle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勒
Reading #	1/1
No.	7844
Phonetic component	力
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	勒
Old Chinese	/*rɯːɡ/
Notes	說文力聲，金文或單作革，實革轉註分化字

Definitions

勒

bridle (with a bit)
to rein in; to restrain
to command; to lead; to lay out (forces)
(colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten
to restrict; to limit
to compel; to force
to cut; to carve; to engrave
to compile; to bind (to make a book)
to write; to draw; to depict
to extort; to blackmail
to tantalise; to provoke
Short for 勒克司 (“lux”).
A surname.

Compounds

Derived terms from 勒

克勒特
列寧格勒／列宁格勒 (Liènínggélè)
加勒比海 (Jiālèbǐ Hǎi)
勒交
勒令 (lèlìng)
勒休
勒住
勒借
勒停
勒克司
勒兵 (lèbīng)
勒口
勒子
勒尤 (lèyóu)
勒戒
勒抑
勒掯
勒斃／勒毙
勒死
勒派
勒狀／勒状
勒石
勒碑
勒索 (lèsuǒ)
勒緊／勒紧

勒緊褲帶／勒紧裤带
勒詐／勒诈
勒贖／勒赎
勒迫
勒逼
勒里勒得
勒銘／勒铭
勒銜／勒衔
勒開／勒开
勒限
勒馬／勒马 (lèmǎ)
勒馬懸崖／勒马悬崖
勾勒 (gōulè)
呼畢勒罕／呼毕勒罕
多羅貝勒／多罗贝勒 (duōluó bèilè)
奧勒岡州／奥勒冈州
巴勒摩
巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn)
布勒斯特
庫勒山／库勒山
強勒／强勒
彌勒／弥勒 (Mílè)
懸崖勒馬／悬崖勒马 (xuányá lèmǎ)
抑勒
掯勒

擄人勒贖／掳人勒赎
敕勒
敕勒歌
敲詐勒索／敲诈勒索
泰勒制度
玉勒
玉勒雕鞍
磨勒
羅勒／罗勒 (luólè)
羈勒／羁勒 (jīlè)
臨崖勒馬／临崖勒马
要勒
訶梨勒／诃梨勒
貝爾格勒／贝尔格勒 (Bèi'ěrgélè)
賽普勒斯／赛普勒斯 (Sàipǔlèsī)
轡勒／辔勒
逼勒 (bīlè)
邀勒
那不勒斯 (Nàbùlèsī)
部勒
金勒
鉤勒／钩勒
銜勒／衔勒
阿勃勒 (ābólè)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lei (lei⁵)

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄌㄟ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lei
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄌㄟ
  - Wade–Giles: lei⁵
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .lhei
  - IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯/

Definitions

勒

Alternative form of 嘞 (“modal particle”).

Japanese

Kanji

勒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

halter and bit

Readings

Goon: ろく (roku)
Kan’on: ろく (roku)
Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa, 勒)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
勒
ろく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Middle Chinese 勒

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) ろく [róꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

勒 (hiragana ろく, rōmaji roku)

bit (metal in horse's mouth)
headstall
the second of the Eight Principles of Yong

Hypernyms

永 (えい)字 (じ)八 (はっ)法 (ぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Coordinate terms

側 (そく) (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
努 (ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
趯 (てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
策 (さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
掠 (りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
啄 (たく) (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
磔 (たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

References

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

勒 • (reuk) (hangeul 륵)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

勒 (lặc, lắc, lấc, lật, lất)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN