佛

See also: 仏 and 彿
佛 U+4F5B, 佛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F5B
← 佚
[U+4F5A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 作 →
[U+4F5C]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

佛 (radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中中弓 (OLLN), four-corner 25227, composition ⿰亻弗)

Derived characters

  • 𠲽, 梻, 𩎵, 𡌅

References

  • KangXi: page 99, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 517
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 140, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4F5B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 佛
alt. forms
 
仏
㚕
仸
𠑵
𠇛
𡗻
𡘉
𦤲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 佛
Small seal script

s05732

Transcribed ancient scripts

L26012

L26013

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (弗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鄪 *prɯds
費 *prɯds, *pʰɯds, *bɯds
砩 *pads
沸 *pɯds
疿 *pɯds
茀 *pɯds, *pʰɯd
髴 *pʰɯds, *pɯd, *pʰɯd
昲 *pʰɯds
靅 *pʰɯds
狒 *buds
怫 *bɯds, *bɯd
胇 *brɯd
艴 *bɯːd, *pʰɯd
弗 *pɯd
紼 *pɯd
柫 *pɯd
笰 *pɯd
拂 *pʰɯd
刜 *pʰɯd, *bɯd
彿 *pʰɯd
佛 *bɯd
坲 *bɯd
咈 *bɯd
炥 *bɯd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bɯd) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 弗 (OC *pɯd).

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of 佛陀 (MC bɨut̚ dɑ), from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “awakened; enlightened”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • pu̍t - vernacular;
  • hu̍t - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 佛
Mandarin Beijing /fo³⁵/
Harbin /fɤ²⁴/
Tianjin /fo⁴⁵/
Jinan /fə⁴²/
Qingdao /fu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /fu⁴²/
Xi'an /fo²⁴/
Xining /fɔ²⁴/
Yinchuan /fu¹³/
/fuə⁵³/
Lanzhou /fə⁵³/
Ürümqi /fɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /fu²¹³/
Chengdu /fu³¹/
/fəu³¹/
Guiyang /fu²¹/
Kunming /fu³¹/
Nanjing /fuʔ⁵/
Hefei /fəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /fəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /xuʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /fɤ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /vəʔ¹/
Suzhou /vəʔ³/
Hangzhou /vəʔ²/
Wenzhou /vai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /fu²²/
Tunxi /fə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /fu²⁴/
Xiangtan /ɸu⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /fɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /fut̚⁵/
Taoyuan /fut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐt̚²/
Nanning /fɐt̚²²/
Hong Kong /fɐt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hut̚⁵/
/put̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xo⁴⁴/
/xu²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /huk̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbut̚³/
Rime
Character 佛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 物 (60)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 符弗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨut̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /biut̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /but̚/
Li
Rong		 /biuət̚/
Wang
Li		 /bĭuət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯uət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 佛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjut ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b][u]t/
English great

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 佛
Reading # 1/1
No. 3324
Phonetic
component		 弗
Rime
group		 物
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 佛
Old
Chinese		 /*bɯd/

Definitions

佛

  1. (Buddhism) Buddha
    佛陀  ―  fótuó  ―  Buddha
    佛教  ―  fójiào  ―  Buddhism
  2. (Buddhism) statue of Buddha
  3. (by extension) Buddhist scriptures
  4. (by extension) Buddhism; Buddhist doctrines

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (佛):

Others:

  • → Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi)
  • → Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ (burqan) / бурхан (burhan)
  • → Vietnamese: Bụt (“a wise and kind old man in folklore”)
  • → Zhuang: baed

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 佛 – see 彿 (“resembling, like, as if”).
(This character, 佛, is the simplified form of 彿.)
Notes:

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

佛

  1. † Alternative form of 拂 (fú, “to go against; to be contrary to”).

Compounds

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

佛

  1. † Alternative form of 弼 (bì, “to assist”).
  2. A surname​.

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Definitions

佛

  1. † Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous; thriving”).

Japanese

Shinjitai

 仏

Kyūjitai

 佛

Kanji

佛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仏)

  1. Buddha

Readings

Korean

Hanja

佛 • (bul, pil) (hangeul 불, 필)

  1. Buddha

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

佛 (phật, phất)

  1. Buddha

References

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