弗

See also: 𢎵
弗 U+5F17, 弗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F17
← 弖
[U+5F16] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 弘 →
[U+5F18]

Translingual

Han character

弗 (radical 57, 弓+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中中弓 (LLN), four-corner 55027, composition ⿻⿰丿丨弓)

Derived characters

  • 㔗, 佛, 沸, 𠔘, 𡗻, 𡘉, 𡛯, 𡶒, 𢂀, 𢏇, 𢒍, 𢘍, 𣭘, 𣲴, 𤝟, 𤤖, 𤫰, 𥘬 𥿏, 𦕚, 𦨡, 𧉸, 𧙂, 𧠤, 𧿳, 𨚓, 𨚭

References

  • KangXi: page 356, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9708
  • Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 990, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5F17

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 弗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (弗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鄪 *prɯds
費 *prɯds, *pʰɯds, *bɯds
砩 *pads
沸 *pɯds
疿 *pɯds
茀 *pɯds, *pʰɯd
髴 *pʰɯds, *pɯd, *pʰɯd
昲 *pʰɯds
靅 *pʰɯds
狒 *buds
怫 *bɯds, *bɯd
胇 *brɯd
艴 *bɯːd, *pʰɯd
弗 *pɯd
紼 *pɯd
柫 *pɯd
笰 *pɯd
拂 *pʰɯd
刜 *pʰɯd, *bɯd
彿 *pʰɯd
佛 *bɯd
坲 *bɯd
咈 *bɯd
炥 *bɯd

Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened.

Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”. The derivative 拂 stands for the original word.

Etymology 1

See etymology of 不.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 弗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 物 (60)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 分勿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pɨut̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /piut̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /put̚/
Li
Rong		 /piuət̚/
Wang
Li		 /pĭuət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯uət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 弗 弗 弗
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fú fú fú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjut › ‹ pjut › ‹ pjut ›
Old
Chinese		 /*p[u]t/ /*put/ /*put/
English (negation) gust of wind writing brush (pron. in Yān 燕, ap. Shuōwén, E. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 弗
Reading # 1/1
No. 3313
Phonetic
component		 弗
Rime
group		 物
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 弗
Old
Chinese		 /*pɯd/

Definitions

弗

  1. (obsolete or dialectal) not.
Usage notes
  • In modern Chinese, this character is almost entirely used for phonetic translations. The character mainly represents the phoneme /f/ in word-final and preconsonantal positions.
  • The characters 不 (bù) and 否 (fǒu) are far more commonly used to mean “no”.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 弗 – see 費 (“to cost; to spend; to expend; to consume; to use; to exhaust; etc.”).
(This character, 弗, is the second-round simplified form of 費.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

弗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. fluorine
  2. the dollar sign ($)

Readings

Etymology 1

弗 (futsu): a sample of chilled liquid fluorine.
Kanji in this term
弗
ふつ
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Originally borrowed from Middle Chinese 弗 (*pjut), meaning either “not” or “a gust of wind”. Apparently later repurposed during the later Edo period for its phonetic value (and possibly also for its “wind” → “gas” connotations) in translating the German Fluor (“fluorine”).

The modern Mandarin 氟 (fú, “fluorine”) appears to be a more recent invention based on this Japanese usage, adding the radical 气.

Pronunciation

Affix

弗 (hiragana ふつ, katakana フツ, rōmaji futsu)

  1. (chemistry, chemical elements) fluorine, fluoride
Derived terms
Usage notes

Seldom used. In chemistry contexts, almost always spelled in katakana as フツ, appearing in most compounds as フッ. This is probably a reflection of this term's roots as a 外来語 (gairaigo, “word borrowed from another language”).

Etymology 2

弗 (doru): evolution of the dollar symbol for both the United States and (now obsolete) Spanish dollar.
Kanji in this term
弗
どる
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $. This reading is ultimately borrowed from Dutch dollar.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Symbol

弗 (katakana ドル, rōmaji doru)

  1. a dollar
Usage notes

Occasionally seen, but more often encountered in the katakana spelling of ドル.

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

弗 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  2. Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $.[1]

References

Vietnamese

Han character

弗 (phất)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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