主義

See also: 主义

Chinese

 
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
 justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (主義) 主 義
simp. (主义) 主 义

Etymology

Attestable in ancient Chinese texts. In the sense of "doctrine; ideology; -ism", wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 主 (しゅ)義 (ぎ) (shugi).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III Chongniu III
Fanqie 之庾切 宜寄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕɨoX/ /ŋˠiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋiɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cuə̆X/ /ŋjiə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋjeH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭuX/ /ŋǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯uX/ /ŋie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhǔ yì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhǔ yì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyuX › ‹ ngjeH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*toʔ/ /*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English master; host duty; justice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 17618 13045
Phonetic
component		 主 我
Rime
group		 侯 歌
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 主 議
Old
Chinese		 /*tjoʔ/ /*ŋrals/

Noun

主義

  1. doctrine; ideology; -ism
  2. (literary) position; stance

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (主義):

Verb

主義

  1. (literary) to uphold righteousness

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term
主 義
しゅ
Grade: 3		 ぎ
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 主義 (tsyuX ngjeH, “principle, set belief”). The word was already in use in Chinese with this meaning in the 史記 (Shǐjì, “Records of the Grand Historian”), completed around 100 BCE.

Pronunciation

Noun

主義 (hiragana しゅぎ, rōmaji shugi)

  1. a principle or set of principles; a doctrine; an ism
    あの人 (ひと)は主 (しゅ)義 (ぎ)に基 (もと)づいて契 (けい)約 (やく)を拒 (きょ)絶 (ぜつ)するはずです。
    Ano hito wa shugi ni motozuite keiyaku o kyozetsu suru hazu desu.
    I expect they will reject the contract on principle.

Suffix

主義 (hiragana しゅぎ, rōmaji -shugi)

  1. -ism

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
主義

Noun

主義 • (juui) (hangeul 주의)

  1. Hanja form? of 주의 (“-ism”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
主義

Noun

主義

  1. Hán tự form of chủ nghĩa, “-ism; doctrine”
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