言語

See also: 言语

Chinese

	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word	speech; language; dialect speech; language; dialect; tell to
trad. (言語)	言	語
simp. (言语)	言	语
anagram	語言／语言

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yányǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄩˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): янйү (I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴ jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngièn-ngî / ngiàn-ngî
Min Nan (POJ): giân-gú / giân-gír / gân-gí / giân-gí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yányǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄩˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanyeu
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: янйү (I-II)
  - IPA ^(key): /jæ̃²⁴ ʝyː⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁴ jyu⁵
  - Yale: yìhn yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴ jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴ yu⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹ jyː¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ ngi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² ngi¹
  - IPA: /ɲi̯en¹¹ ɲi²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ ngi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² ngi¹
  - IPA: /ɲi̯an¹¹ ɲi²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giân-gú
  - Tâi-lô: giân-gú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gien'guo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /giɛn²⁴⁻²² gu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /giɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ gu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giân-gír
  - Tâi-lô: giân-gír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /giɛn²⁴⁻²² gɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gân-gí
  - Tâi-lô: gân-gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gan'gie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gan¹³⁻²² gi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giân-gí
  - Tâi-lô: giân-gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gien'gie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /giɛn²³⁻³³ gi⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨɐn ŋɨʌ^X/▼

Rime
Character	言	語
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	語軒切	魚巨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐn/	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐn/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐn/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨan/	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐn/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐn/	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán	yǔ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋa[n] ŋ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋan ŋaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	言	語
Reading #	3/4	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English	speak; speech	speak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	言	語
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	14271	13159
Phonetic component	言	五
Rime group	元	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	言	語
Old Chinese	/*ŋan/	/*ŋaʔ/

Noun

言語

speech; spoken language
一日不讀書，言語無味；三日不讀書，便覺面目可憎。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
一日不读书，言语无味；三日不读书，便觉面目可憎。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian
Yī rì bù dúshū, yányǔ wúwèi; sān rì bù dúshū, biàn jué miànmùkězēng. [Pinyin]
Not studying for a day, my speech becomes dull; Not studying for three days, my looks become repulsive.

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yányu, yányǔ, yuányi, niányu

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄩ, ㄧㄢˊ ㄩˇ, ㄩㄢˊ ˙ㄧ, ㄋㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄩ
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngièn-ngî / ngiàn-ngî

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: yányu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄩ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan.iu
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn³⁵ y³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: yányǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄩˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanyeu
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial Beijing dialect variant)⁺
  - Pinyin: yuányi
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ˙ㄧ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan.i
  - IPA ^(key): /y̯ɛn³⁵ i³/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial variant from other Mandarin dialects)⁺
  - Pinyin: niányu
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄩ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nian.iu
  - IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɛn³⁵ y³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ ngi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² ngi¹
  - IPA: /ɲi̯en¹¹ ɲi²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ ngi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² ngi¹
  - IPA: /ɲi̯an¹¹ ɲi²⁴/

Verb

言語

(colloquial Mandarin, Hakka) to speak; to say a word
他一聲不言語就走了。 [MSC, trad.]
他一声不言语就走了。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā yīshēng bù yányu jiù zǒu le. [Pinyin]
He left without saying anything.

你怎麼不言語？ / 你怎么不言语？ ― Nǐ zěnme bù yányu? ― Why aren't you saying anything?

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (言語):

Japanese: 言 (げん)語 (ご) (gengo)
Korean: 언어 (言語, eoneo)
Vietnamese: ngôn ngữ (言語)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
言	語
げん Grade: 2	ご Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) げんご [géꜜǹgò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ŋɡo̞]

Noun

言語 (hiragana げんご, rōmaji gengo)

language, speech

Derived terms

言語学 (げんごがく) (gengogaku, “linguistics”)
計 (けい)算 (さん)機 (き)言 (げん)語 (ご) (keisanki gengo, “computer language”)
メタ言 (げん)語 (ご) (meta-gengo, “metalanguage”)
多 (た)言 (げん)語 (ご)話 (わ)者 (しゃ) (tagengo washa, “polyglot”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
言	語

Noun

言語 • (eoneo) (hangeul 언어)

Hanja form^? of 언어 (“language”).

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.