菠蘿蜜
See also: 菠萝蜜
Chinese
| phonetic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (菠蘿蜜) | 菠 | 蘿 | 蜜 | |
| simp. (菠萝蜜) | 菠 | 萝 | 蜜 | |
| alt. forms | 波羅蜜／波罗蜜 菠羅蜜／菠罗蜜 | |||
Etymology
From 波羅蜜 (“paramita; perfection”), with the addition of the 艹 (“grass”) radical to indicate a plant.
The association between paramita and jackfruit may have resulted from the confusion of the two Sanskrit loanwords 波羅蜜 (MC puɑ lɑ miɪt̚, “paramita”) and 波那娑 (MC puɑ nɑ sɑ, “jackfruit”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bo1 lo4 mat6
- Min Bei (KCR): bó̤-lô̤-mĭ
- Min Nan (POJ): pho-lô-bi̍t
- Wu (Wiktionary): pu lu miq (T1)
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bo1 lo4 mat6
- Yale: bō lòh maht
- Cantonese Pinyin: bo1 lo4 mat9
- Guangdong Romanization: bo1 lo4 med6
- IPA (key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ mɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bó̤-lô̤-mĭ
- IPA (key): /pɔ⁵⁴ lɔ³³ mi²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pho-lô-bi̍t
- Tâi-lô: pho-lô-bi̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: phoiloi'bit
- IPA (Xiamen): /pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² bit̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰo³³ lo²⁴⁻²² bit̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² bit̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ bit̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ bit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: pu lu miq (T1)
- IPA (key): /pv̩ʷ⁵⁵ lv̩ʷ³³ mi̯ɪʔ²¹/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 菠 | 蘿 | 蜜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 來 (37) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 歌 (94) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 博禾切 | 魯何切 | 彌畢切 |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/puɑ/ | /lɑ/ | /miɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/puɑ/ | /lɑ/ | /mit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/puɑ/ | /lɑ/ | /mjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pwa/ | /la/ | /mit̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/puɑ/ | /lɑ/ | /miĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/puɑ/ | /lɑ/ | /mĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/puɑ/ | /lɑ/ | /mi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bō | luó | mì |
Noun
菠蘿蜜
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 菠蘿蜜 (“jackfruit”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 波那娑、婆那娑、波那沙、半橠娑、半娜娑 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 菠蘿蜜 | |
| Taxonomic name | 菠蘿蜜 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Taiwan | 菠蘿蜜 | |
| Liuzhou | 木菠蘿 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 菠蘿蜜、大樹菠蘿、木菠蘿 |
| Hong Kong | 大樹菠蘿 | |
| Nanning | 木菠蘿、樹菠蘿 | |
| Wuzhou | 木菠蘿 | |
| Yulin | 木菠蘿 | |
| Hepu | 木菠蘿 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | mangka | |
| Hakka | Senai | mangka |
| Min Nan | Singapore | mangka |
| Johor Bahru | mangka | |
| Haikou | 包蜜 | |
| Leizhou | 包蘿 | |
Derived terms
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