芥

芥	U+82A5, 芥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82A5

← 芤
[U+82A4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

芦 →
[U+82A6]

Translingual

Han character

芥 (radical 140 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿人中中 (TOLL) or X廿人中中 (XTOLL), four-corner 4422₈, composition ⿱艹介)

References

KangXi: page 1019, character 31

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30715

Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3182, character 6

Unihan data for U+82A5

Chinese

simp. and trad.		芥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 芥
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (介) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
妎	ɡaːds, ɡeːds
芥	*kreːds
尬	*kreːds
界	*kreːds
介	*kreːds
疥	*kreːds
玠	*kreːds
砎	kreːds, kreːd, *ɡraːd
魪	*kreːds
价	*kreːds
衸	kreːds, ɡreːds
齘	*ɡreːds
骱	ɡaːd, kreːd
扴	*kreːd
圿	*kreːd
忦	*kreːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kreːds) : semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds) – a type of plant.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiè (jie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ

(Chengdu, SP): jiai⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai³
Min Nan (POJ): kài / kòa / kè

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chieh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiai⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giai
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛi²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaai³
  - Yale: gaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gai³
  - IPA ^(key): /kɑːi̯³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài / kòa / kè
  - Tâi-lô: kài / kuà / kè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaix, koax, kex
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kaɪ²¹/, /kua²¹/, /ke²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaɪ⁴¹/, /kua⁴¹/, /ke⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaɪ²¹/, /kua²¹/, /ke²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kaɪ¹¹/, /kua¹¹/, /ke¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaɪ²¹/, /kua²¹/, /ke²¹/

Note:

kài - literary;
kòa/kè - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: /kˠɛi^H/▼

Rime
Character	芥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古拜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj^H/
Li Rong	/kɛi^H/
Wang Li	/kɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiè

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤr[e][t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	芥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiè
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˤr[e][t]-s/
English	mustard plant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芥
Reading #	1/1
No.	6522
Phonetic component	介
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	誡
Old Chinese	/*kreːds/

Definitions

芥

Brassica juncea
small grass
(figuratively) tiny thing

Compounds

土芥
塵芥／尘芥 (chénjiè)
塵芥蟲／尘芥虫
大頭芥／大头芥
如拾地芥
拾芥
易如拾芥
殺人如芥／杀人如芥
纖芥不遺／纤芥不遗
芥子 (jièzǐ)

芥子毒氣／芥子毒气 (jièzǐ dúqì)
芥子油
芥川賞／芥川赏
芥拾青紫
芥末 (jièmò, “mustard”)
芥菜 (jiècài)
芥菜頭／芥菜头
芥蒂 (jièdì)
芥藍菜／芥蓝菜 (gàiláncài)
芥蘭／芥兰 (jièlán)

草芥 (cǎojiè)
荊芥／荆芥 (jīngjiè)
蒂芥
蠆芥／虿芥
視如土芥／视如土芥
視如草芥／视如草芥
視若草芥／视若草芥
針芥相投／针芥相投
鍼芥相投

Japanese

Kanji

芥

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): かい (kai); け (ke)
Kun: からし (karashi, 芥); あくた (akuta, 芥)

Korean

Hanja

芥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

芥 (giới)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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