杜

杜	U+675C, 杜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-675C

← 杛
[U+675B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

杝 →
[U+675D]

Translingual

Han character

杜 (radical 75 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木土 (DG), four-corner 4491₀, composition ⿰木土)

References

KangXi: page 512, character 9

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14477

Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 10

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1157, character 2

Unihan data for U+675C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		杜

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
社	*ɦljaːʔ
肚	ʔl'aːʔ, l'aːʔ
土	l̥ʰaːʔ, l'aːʔ
吐	l̥ʰaːʔ, l̥ʰaːs
芏	*l̥ʰaːʔ
杜	*l'aːʔ
靯	*l'aːʔ
荰	*l'aːʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dù (du⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dou⁶
Min Nan (POJ): tǒ͘ / tō͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: dù
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
  - Wade–Giles: tu⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
  - IPA ^(key): /tu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dou⁶
  - Yale: douh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /tou̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: tǒo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
  - Tâi-lô: tōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: do
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 杜
Mandarin	Beijing	/tu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/tu⁵³/
	Tianjin	/tu⁵³/
	Jinan	/tu²/
	Qingdao	/tu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tu³¹²/
	Xi'an	/tu⁴⁴/
	Xining	/tv̩²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/tu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/tu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/təu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/tu¹³/
	Guiyang	/tu²¹³/
	Kunming	/tu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/tu⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/tu⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/tu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/tu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zo²³/
	Suzhou	/dəu³¹/
	Hangzhou	/du¹³/
	Wenzhou	/døy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰu²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/təu²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/təu⁵⁵/ /təu¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/təɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰu⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tou²²/
	Nanning	/tu²²/
	Hong Kong	/tou²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tɔ²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tou²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/tu⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tou³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdu³³/ ～絕 /ʔdu³⁵/ 姓

Middle Chinese: /duo^X/▼

Rime
Character	杜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/duo^X/
Shao Rongfen	/do^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɔ^X/
Li Rong	/do^X/
Wang Li	/du^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dù

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*l'aːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杜
Reading #	1/1
No.	12505
Phonetic component	土
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	杜
Old Chinese	/*l'aːʔ/

Definitions

杜

birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia)
acerb
root
to sever
to reject; to stop; to prevent; to restrict
to flush
wide
Asarum forbesii
a state in modern Shaanxi
A surname.

Compounds

召父杜母
小杜
慎防杜漸／慎防杜渐
憑空杜撰／凭空杜撰
房杜姚宋
房謀杜斷／房谋杜断
有杕之杜
李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)
杕杜
杜口 (dùkǒu)
杜口吞聲／杜口吞声
杜口無言／杜口无言
杜口結舌／杜口结舌
杜口絕舌／杜口绝舌
杜口絕言／杜口绝言
杜口裹足
杜塞
杜宇 (dùyǔ)

杜工部
杜康 (dùkāng)
杜弊
杜微慎防
杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
杜漸防微／杜渐防微
杜漸防萌／杜渐防萌
杜漸除微／杜渐除微
杜絕／杜绝 (dùjué)
杜絕後患／杜绝后患
杜茅柴
杜蘅
杜諫／杜谏
杜郵之戮／杜邮之戮
杜門／杜门
杜門不出／杜门不出
杜門卻掃／杜门却扫
杜門屏跡／杜门屏迹

杜門晦跡／杜门晦迹
杜門株守／杜门株守
杜門自絕／杜门自绝
杜門謝客／杜门谢客
杜陵 (Dùlíng)
杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān)
杜鵑啼血／杜鹃啼血
杜鵑窩／杜鹃窝
杜鵑花／杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā)
柅杜
結舌杜口／结舌杜口
老杜
臺灣杜鵑／台湾杜鹃
萬那杜／万那杜 (Wànnàdù)
蘅杜
防微杜漸／防微杜渐
防萌杜漸／防萌杜渐
韋杜／韦杜

Japanese

Kanji

杜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

careless
woods; grove
Chinese family name "Du"

Readings

Goon: ず (zu)
Kan’on: と (to)
Kun: もり (mori, 杜); ふさぐ (fusagu, 杜ぐ); やまなし (yamanashi, 杜)

Compounds

杜 (ず)撰 (さん) (zusan): careless, slipshod, faulty
杜 (ね)松 (ず) (nezu)
杜 (と)氏 (じ) (toji): chief brewer at a sake brewery
杜 (ず)漏 (ろう) (zurō): careless, negligent
杜絶 (とぜつ) (tozetsu), 途絶 (とぜつ) (tozetsu): stoppage; interruption; cessation; suspension
杜若 (かきつばた) (kakitsubata)

Derived terms

杜撰脱漏 (ずさんだつろう) (zusandatsurō): careless (slipshod) and with many omissions
杜 (もり)の都 (みやこ) (mori no miyako): lit. City of Trees. Nickname for Sendai, Japan
鎮 (ちん)守 (じゅ)の杜 (もり) (chinju no mori): grove of the village shrine

Synonyms

森 (もり) (mori)
途 (と) (to)

Usage notes

杜 is included in a planned expansion of the general use Jōyō kanji by the Japanese government.

The Japan Times (October 21, 2009). Get set for next year's overhaul of joyo kanji. Accessed February 23, 2010.

Noun

杜 (hiragana やまなし, rōmaji yamanashi)

Wild Japanese pear or mountain pear

Proper noun

杜 (hiragana と, rōmaji To)

Du Fu, Chinese poet

Korean

Hanja

杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

杜 (đỗ, đậu, đỏ, đổ, đuã)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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