U+5410, 吐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5410

[U+540F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5411]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 30, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口土 (RG), four-corner 64010, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 176, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3300
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 576, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5410

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ɦljaːʔ
*ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
*l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
*l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
*l̥ʰaːʔ
*l'aːʔ
*l'aːʔ
*l'aːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs) : semantic  (mouth) + phonetic  (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ) – to spew from the mouth.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twa (to spit).

Pronunciation 1


Note: tou2 - rare.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (6)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰɔX/
Li
Rong
/tʰoX/
Wang
Li
/tʰuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ thuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰˤaʔ/
English eject from mouth, spit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 12500
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰaːʔ/
Definitions

  1. to spit; to spew from the mouth
  2. to say; to tell; to pour out
  3. A surname.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of (“to spit”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Jinan
Xi'an
Wuhan
Chengdu
Yangzhou
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou 𦧲
Hong Kong 𦧲
Taishan 𦧲
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Liudui (S. Sixian)
Hsinchu (Hailu)
Dongshi (Dabu)
Zhuolan (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Jin Taiyuan
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou
Min Nan Xiamen
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Philippines (Manila)
Chaozhou
Wu Suzhou
Wenzhou
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng
Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (6)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuoH/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰoH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰɔH/
Li
Rong
/tʰoH/
Wang
Li
/tʰuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ thuH ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰˤaʔ-s/
English vomit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 12502
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰaːs/
Definitions

  1. to vomit; to throw up
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 嘔吐 (“to vomit”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 嘔吐
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Jinan
Xi'an
Wuhan
Chengdu 、發吐
Yangzhou
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Taishan
Yangjiang
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 、翻肚
Liudui (S. Sixian) 、翻肚
Hsinchu (Hailu) 、翻肚
Dongshi (Dabu) 、翻肚
Zhuolan (Raoping) 、翻肚
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 、貶腹
Jin Taiyuan
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou
Min Nan Xiamen
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Chaozhou
Wu Suzhou
Wenzhou
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng
Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Only used in 吐谷渾吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“(Min Nan) over; to reveal; to peck”).
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

References


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. vomit, belch, spit (out)

Readings

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(to) (hangeul , revised to, McCuneReischauer t'o, Yale tho)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Noun

吐 (, to)

  1. An affixal letter used in kwukyel.

Vietnamese

Han character

(thổ, nhổ, giổ, giỗ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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