憔悴
Chinese
| haggard | haggard; sad; downcast; distressed | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (憔悴) |
憔 | 悴 | |
| alt. forms | |||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄘㄨㄟˋ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyautsuey
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ciu4 seoi5
- Yale: chìuh séuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu4 soey5
- Guangdong Romanization: qiu4 sêu5
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ sɵy̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâu-chhùi
- Tâi-lô: tsiâu-tshuì
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciauzhuix
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiaʊ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiaʊ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâu-chūi
- Tâi-lô: tsiâu-tsuī
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciauzui
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiaʊ²³⁻³³ t͡sui³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiaʊ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiaʊ¹³⁻²² t͡sui²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 憔 | 悴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 昨焦切 | 秦醉切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ziᴇu/ | /d͡ziuɪH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ziɛu/ | /d͡zʷiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡zjæu/ | /d͡zjuɪH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ziaw/ | /d͡zwiH/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ziɛu/ | /d͡zuiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡zĭɛu/ | /d͡zwiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡zʱi̯ɛu/ | /d͡zʱwiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qiáo | zuì |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 憔 | 悴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6356 | 17947 |
| Phonetic component |
焦 | 卒 |
| Rime group |
宵 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
樵 | 萃 |
| Old Chinese |
/*zew/ | /*zuds/ |
Adjective
憔悴
- (of a person) wan and sallow; thin and pallid; haggard; emaciated
- From: 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Lyrics to the Melody of Butterflies Chasing Flowers (蝶戀花)
- Yīdài jiàn kuān zhōng bù huǐ, wèi yī xiāo dé rén qiáocuì. [Pinyin]
- Becoming loose are my clothes yet I regret not,
For I languish and suffer for her willingly.
- (of plants) withered; wilted
- (literary, of a person) weary; enervated
Verb
憔悴
- (literary) to suffer; to experience hardship; to languish; to be worried
- From: Mengzi (Mencius), circa 4th century BCE
- Mín zhī qiáocuì yú nüèzhèng, wèi yǒu shèn yú cǐshí zhě yě. [Pinyin]
- Never was there a time when the sufferings of the people from tyrannical government were more intense than the present.
Derived terms
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