亹

亹	U+4EB9, 亹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EB9

← 亸
[U+4EB8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

人 →
[U+4EBA]

Translingual

Han character

亹 (radical 8 亠+19, 21 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹月一 (YHBM), four-corner 0010₇, composition ⿱亠舋)

References

KangXi: page 90, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 342

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 294, character 12

Unihan data for U+4EB9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		亹

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亹

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L13866	L13867	L13868	L13869

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (釁) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
釁	*hmrɯns
舋	*hmrɯns
亹	mɯlʔ, mɯːn
斖	*mɯlʔ
虋	*mɯːn
璺	*mɯns

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wěi (wei³)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: wěi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
  - Wade–Giles: wei³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
  - IPA ^(key): /u̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁵
  - Yale: méih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /mei̯¹³/

Middle Chinese: /mʉi^X/▼

Rime
Character	亹
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	無匪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muj^X/
Li Rong	/miuəi^X/
Wang Li	/mĭwəi^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/mwe̯i^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wěi

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mərʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亹
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wěi
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨj^X ›
Old Chinese	/*mərʔ/
English	diligent
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亹
Reading #	1/2
No.	13853
Phonetic component	釁
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	尾
Old Chinese	/*mɯlʔ/

Definitions

亹

Only used in 亹亹 (wěiwěi).

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mén (men²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mun⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mén
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˊ
  - Wade–Giles: mên²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: men
  - IPA ^(key): /mən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mun⁴
  - Yale: mùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mun⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mun⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /muːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: /muən/▼

Rime
Character	亹
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫奔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwən/
Li Rong	/muən/
Wang Li	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mén

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤər/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亹
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mén
Middle Chinese	‹ mwon ›
Old Chinese	/*mˤər/
English	river-gorge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亹
Reading #	2/2
No.	13856
Phonetic component	釁
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	門
Old Chinese	/*mɯːn/

Definitions

亹

mountain pass; narrow passage of a gorge where the mountains at both sides face each other like a gate

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 亹 – see 眉 (“eyebrow; upper margin of a book”). (This character, 亹, is a variant form of 眉.)

Japanese

Kanji

亹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

busy, untiring
to exert, to progress

Readings

“Diligent”, “beautiful”:

Goon: み (mi)
Kan’on: び (bi)
Kun: つとめる (tsutomeru, 亹める); うつくしい (utsukushii, 亹しい)

“Mountain pass”:

Goon: もん (mon)
Kan’on: ぼん (bon)

Korean

Hanja

亹 • (mi, mun) (hangeul 미, 문, revised mi, mun, McCune–Reischauer mi, mun)

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