乏

乏	U+4E4F, 乏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4F

← 乎
[U+4E4E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

乐 →
[U+4E50]

Translingual

Han character

乏 (radical 4 丿+4, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈弓人 (HINO), four-corner 2030₇, composition ⿱丿之)

References

KangXi: page 82, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 133
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 34, character 3
Unihan data for U+4E4F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		乏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乏

**Bronze inscriptions**
b01949	b01950	b01951

**Small seal script**
s01204

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L29409

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
砭	prom, proms
貶	*promʔ
窆	*proms
泛	pʰoms, bob
姂	pʰoms, bob, *kpʰob
䒦	pʰom, pʰoms
柉	*bom
覂	*poŋʔ
眨	*sproːb
鴔	*brub
乏	*bob

Perhaps an ideogram (指事) generated by replacing uppermost stroke of 正 (“straight; right”) with a slanted stroke 丿 — not right; lacking.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fá (fa²)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fat⁶
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hoa̍t / ha̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): huag⁸ / huêg⁸ / hêg⁸ / hak⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fá
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
  - Wade–Giles: fa²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
  - IPA ^(key): /fa̠³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fat⁶
  - Yale: faht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fed⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa̍t / ha̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hua̍t / ha̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoat, hat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚²⁴/, /hat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚¹²¹/, /hat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/

Note:

hoa̍t - literary;
ha̍t - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huag⁸ / huêg⁸ / hêg⁸ / hak⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hua̍k / hue̍k / he̍k / ha̍k
  - IPA ^(key): /huak̚⁴/, /huek̚⁴/, /hek̚⁴/, /hakʰ⁴/

Note:

huag8/huêg8 - literary (huêg8 - Chaozhou);
hêg8 - vernacular (“tired”);
hak8 - vernacular (“to lack”).

Middle Chinese: /bɨɐp̚/▼

Rime
Character	乏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	乏 (148)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房法切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buap̚/
Li Rong	/biɐp̚/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fá

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b](r)[o]p/

(Zhengzhang): /*bob/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fá
Middle Chinese	‹ bjop ›
Old Chinese	/*[b](r)[o]p/
English	lack (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乏
Reading #	1/1
No.	2852
Phonetic component	乏
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	乏
Old Chinese	/*bob/

Definitions

乏

to lack

缺乏 ― quēfá ― to lack; to be short of
poor

貧乏 / 贫乏 ― pínfá ― poor
tired

疲乏 ― pífá ― tired

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		疲倦、疲乏、疲累、疲憊
Mandarin	Beijing	累、乏
	Taiwan	累
	Jinan	累、乏
	Xi'an	乏、累
	Wuhan	累
	Chengdu	累
	Yangzhou	累、痿
	Hefei	累
Cantonese	Guangzhou	攰
	Hong Kong	攰
	Yangjiang	攰
Gan	Nanchang	累
Hakka	Meixian	𤸁
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𤸁、悿
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	𤸁、悿
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	悿
	Dongshi (Dabu)	悿、𤸁
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	悿
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	悿
Jin	Taiyuan	乏、累
Min Bei	Jian'ou	累、軟
Min Dong	Fuzhou	弱
Min Nan	Xiamen	𤺪、厭
	Quanzhou	𤺪、厭
	Zhangzhou	𤺪、厭
	Taipei	𤺪、忝
	Philippines (Manila)	𤺪
	Chaozhou	乏
	Shantou	乏
Wu	Suzhou	吃力
Wu	Wenzhou	㾯、吃力
Xiang	Changsha	傫
Xiang	Shuangfeng	鶴累

Compounds

不乏 (bùfá)
不乏其人 (bùfáqírén)
不虞匱乏／不虞匮乏
中饋乏人／中馈乏人
乏人
乏人問津／乏人问津 (fárénwènjīn)
乏倦
乏味 (fáwèi)
乏善可陳／乏善可陈
乏困 (fákùn)
乏地
乏手
乏月
乏桶
乏樣子／乏样子
乏煤
乏用
乏角兒／乏角儿
乏貨／乏货

乏趣
乏頓／乏顿
人困馬乏／人困马乏 (rénkùn-mǎfá)
倦乏
分身乏術／分身乏术
力乏兵衰
力困筋乏
勞乏／劳乏
匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
周急繼乏／周急继乏
回天乏術／回天乏术
回生乏術／回生乏术
困乏 (kùnfá)
害乏
家道消乏
彈性疲乏／弹性疲乏
後繼乏人／后继乏人
後繼乏力／后继乏力
承乏

振貧濟乏／振贫济乏
春困秋乏
欲振乏力
歇乏
消乏
疲乏 (pífá)
疲乏強度／疲乏强度
空乏
窮乏／穷乏
絕乏／绝乏
缺乏 (quēfá)
謝乏／谢乏
貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
賑窮濟乏／赈穷济乏
返魂乏術／返魂乏术
道乏
銷乏／销乏
闕乏／阙乏
養乏／养乏

Japanese

Kanji

乏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Goon: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ぼふ (bofu, historical)}
Kan’on: ほう (hō)^{←はふ (fafu, historical)}
Kan’yōon: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ばふ (bafu, historical)}
Kun: とぼしい (toboshii, 乏しい, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

乏 • (pip)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 핍
- Name (hangeul): 모자랄 (revised: mojaral, McCune–Reischauer: mojaral)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乏

Vietnamese

Han character

乏 (phạp)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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