丂

丂	U+4E02, 丂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E02

← 丁
[U+4E01]

CJK Unified Ideographs

七 →
[U+4E03]

Translingual

Han character

丂 (radical 1 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 一女尸 (MVS), four-corner 1020₇, composition ⿱一㇉)

Descendants

ㄎ
ㆶ

References

KangXi: page 75, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 4, character 1

Unihan data for U+4E02

Chinese

simp. and trad.		丂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丂

Shang

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j11554	j11555

**Bronze inscriptions**
b07078	b07079	b07080	b07081	b07082	b07083	b07084	b07085
b07086

**Small seal script**
s03499

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
丂	*kʰluːʔ
攷	*kʰluːʔ
考	*kʰluːʔ
烤	*kʰluːʔ
拷	*kʰluːʔ
栲	*kʰluːʔ
洘	*kʰluːʔ
銬	*kʰluːs
巧	kʰruːʔ, kʰruːs
朽	*qʰluʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎo (kao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haau²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kháu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ
  - Wade–Giles: k'ao³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kao
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haau²
  - Yale: háau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hao²
  - IPA ^(key): /hɑːu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu
  - Hakka Romanization System: kau`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kau³
  - IPA: /kʰa̯u³¹/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɑu^X/▼

Rime
Character	丂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦浩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaw^X/
Li Rong	/kʰɑu^X/
Wang Li	/kʰɑu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎo

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰˤuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ khaw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰˤuʔ/ (Shuōwén; no pre-Qín exx.)
English	to sob
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丂
Reading #	1/1
No.	7402
Phonetic component	丂
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	考
Old Chinese	/*kʰluːʔ/
Notes	古文考

Definitions

丂

the look of air which is to be released

References

(Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 60
(Hakka) Academia Sinica - Hakka-English Dictionary

Japanese

Kanji

丂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

obstruction of breath

Readings

Goon: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan’on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: さまたげられる (samatagerareru, 丂げられる)

Korean

Hanja

丂 • (gyo)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 교 (revised: gyo, McCune–Reischauer: kyo, Yale: kyo)
- Name (hangeul): 공교하다 (revised: gonggyohada, McCune–Reischauer: konggyohada, Yale: kongkyohada)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

丂

Readings

âm: khảo, xảo
nghĩa: khảo, xảo quyệt

巧譎 (xảo quyệt, cunning, artful)

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