笑う
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 笑 |
| わら Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
Derived from verb 割る (waru, “to split, to break, to crack”), as imperfect form wara- + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending う u): "to be in the act of cracking up / breaking open".[1]
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
- (to bloom; to ripen): (less common) 咲う
- (to make fun of): (less common) 嗤う
Verb
笑う (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana わらう, rōmaji warau, historical hiragana わらふ)
- to spontaneously express joy or amusement by means of the voice or facial expression:
- to split open (as a plant bud), to bloom
- 桜の花が笑う
- sakura no hana ga warau
- the cherry flowers bloom
- 桜の花が笑う
- to split open from ripening (as fruit or vegetables)
- 栗が笑っている時期
- kuri ga waratte iru jiki
- the season when the chestnuts ripen and split open
- 栗が笑っている時期
- (figuratively) to bud, become green and verdant, and bloom in spring (as the landscape)
- 山の景色が笑う
- yama no keshiki ga warau
- the mountain landscape comes alive / quickens / blooms
- 山の景色が笑う
- to come undone (as a stitch or seam)
- 縫い目が笑っている
- nuime ga waratte iru
- the seam is coming open
- 縫い目が笑っている
- (slang) to become weak and wobbly (as in the knees)
- 膝が笑う
- hiza ga warau
- go wobbly in the knees
- 膝が笑う
笑う (transitive, godan conjugation, hiragana わらう, rōmaji warau, historical hiragana わらふ)
- to laugh at, to make fun of, to make a fool of
- ジュディは私を笑った。
- Judi wa watashi o waratta.
- Judy laughed at me / made fun of me / made a fool of me.
- ジュディは私を笑った。
Conjugation
Conjugation of "笑う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 笑わ | わらわ | warawa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 笑い | わらい | warai |
| Terminal (終止形) | 笑う | わらう | warau |
| Attributive (連体形) | 笑う | わらう | warau |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 笑え | わらえ | warae |
| Imperative (命令形) | 笑え | わらえ | warae |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 笑われる | わらわれる | warawareru |
| Causative | 笑わせる 笑わす |
わらわせる わらわす |
warawaseru warawasu |
| Potential | 笑える | わらえる | waraeru |
| Volitional | 笑おう | わらおう | waraō |
| Negative | 笑わない | わらわない | warawanai |
| Negative continuative | 笑わず | わらわず | warawazu |
| Formal | 笑います | わらいます | waraimasu |
| Perfective | 笑った | わらった | waratta |
| Conjunctive | 笑って | わらって | waratte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 笑えば | わらえば | waraeba |
Synonyms
Synonyms
- (smile): 微笑む (hohoemu); 笑む (emu); にこにこする (nikoniko suru)
- (bloom): 笑む (emu); 咲く (saku)
- (open from ripening): 笑む (emu)
- (ripen in general): 熟す (jukusu), 熟する (jukusuru); 熟れる (ureru); 熟む (umu)
- (come undone): 綻びる (hokorobiru); 解ける (tokeru)
- (make fun of): 嘲る (azakeru); 馬鹿にする (baka ni suru); 嘲笑する (chōshō suru); 嘲笑う (azawarau); 嗤笑する (shishō suru): to laugh at, to ridicule, to jeer at
Idioms
Idioms
- 笑う顔に矢立たず (warau kao ni ya tatazu): "arrows won't pierce a smiling face" → someone approaching in friendship will not be fired upon; a smile will melt away hostility
- 笑う顔は打たれぬ (warau kao wa utarenu): "a smiling face won't get hit" → someone approaching in friendship will not be attacked; a smile will melt away hostility
- 笑う山 (warau yama): "the smiling mountains" →
- 笑うものは測るべからず (warau mono wa hakaru bekarazu): "you can't take the measure of a smiling man" → someone who is always smiling is hard to read, and may thus be more predator than pal: be wary of charmers
- 笑う門には福来る (warau kado ni wa fuku kitaru): "fortune comes to the smiling door" → happiness brings good luck, laugh and grow fat
- 笑い三年泣き三月 (warai sannen naki mitsuki): "laughter three years, crying three months" → a metaphorical rule of thumb for how long it takes to learn proper expression in the traditional 義太夫 (gidayū) style of dramatic recital
- 笑いの内に刀を礪ぐ (warai no uchi ni katana o togu): "to sharpen a sword while laughing / smiling" → to make oneself appear happy while thinking hostile thoughts
- 笑いは人の薬 (warai wa hito no kusuri): "laughter is medicine for people" → laughter is the best medicine
- 笑って損した者なし (waratte son shita mono nashi): "no one's been hurt by smiling" → a smile never hurts
- 笑って損するは箔屋ばかり (waratte son suru wa hakuya bakari): "the only one to make a loss on laughing is an embosser" → if an embosser laughs, the gold foil they work with would go flying, but for anyone else, laughter brings good fortune
- 笑って太れ (waratte futore): "laugh and grow fat" → happiness brings good luck
- 笑って暮らすも一生泣いて暮らすも一生 (waratte kurasu mo isshō naite kurasu mo isshō); 泣いて暮らすも一生笑って暮らすも一生 (naite kurasu mo isshō waratte kurasu mo isshō): "you can live crying, or live laughing"
- 笑わざれば以て道と為すに足らず (warawazareba motte michi to nasu ni tarazu): "if it's not laughed at, it's not enough to be the right way" → from the way a fool will laugh when told the way to do something, so if it's not enough for even a fool to laugh at, then it must not have any value at all
Derived terms
Derived terms
- w: LOL
- 笑い (warai): a laugh, laughter; a smile
- 大笑い (ōwarai): a big laugh, a guffaw, uproarious laughter
- 笑い絵 (warai e): a funny picture; pornography
- 笑い顔 (waraigao): a smiling face
- 笑われ者 (warawaremono): a laughingstock
- 笑い種 (waraigusa): a laughingstock
- 笑薬 (waraigusuri): a drug or medicine that makes someone laugh for no reason
- 笑い崩れる (waraikuzureru): to be convulsed with laughter
- 笑口 (waraiguchi): a laughing or smiling mouth
- 笑い声 (waraigoe): laughter
- 笑い転ける (waraikokeru): to laugh one's head off, to split one's sides, ROFL
- 笑い事 (waraigoto): a laughing matter
- 笑い転げる (waraikorogeru): to fall down laughing, to laugh one's head off, ROFL
- 笑いさざめく (waraisazameku): to laugh merrily, as in a group
- 笑様 (waraizama): [in] a laughing manner, laughingly
- 笑尉 (waraijō): in Noh theatre, the traditional mask of a smiling man
- 笑い上戸 (warai jōgo): a happy or cheerful drinker; someone who laughs easily
- 笑い皺 (waraijiwa): a laugh line, a facial wrinkle from smiling
- 笑い初め (waraizome), 笑初 (waraizome): blooming first in early spring
- 笑い茸 (waraitake): the "laughing mushroom": Panaeolus papilionaceus, a poisonous mushroom, so called for the spontaneous laughter it causes when eaten due to its neurotoxic effects
- 笑い立つ (waraitatsu): to burst out laughing; to deride someone
- 笑道具 (waraidōgu): something used to invite laughter; sex toys
- 笑い飛ばす (waraitobasu): to laugh something off
- 笑い話 (waraibanashi): a funny story
- 笑い本 (waraibon): a book of 笑い絵 (warai e): a book of funny pictures; a book of pornography
- 笑い物 (waraimono), 笑い者 (waraimono): a laughingstock
- 笑翡翠 (warai kawasemi): Dacelo novaeguineae, the laughing kookaburra
- 笑い仏 (waraibotoke), 笑仏 (waraibotoke): (Buddhism) a statue of a smiling or laughing Buddha; statues of ancient poets of similar appearance and placed in front of a 経蔵 (kyōzō, “a repository for sūtras and chronicles of a temple's history”)
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1 2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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