咲く

Japanese

Kanji in this term
咲
さ(く) Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) さく [sàkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [sa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

咲く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana さく, rōmaji saku)

to bloom
花 (はな)が咲 (さ)いている
hana ga saite iru
the flowers are blooming

Antonym: 散る (chiru)
to make white waves appear
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3551), text here
  阿 (あ)遅 (ぢ)可 (か)麻 (ま)能 (の)可 (か)多 (た)尓 (に)左 (さ)久 (く)奈 (な)美 (み)比 (ひ)良 (ら)湍 (せ)尓 (に)母 (も)比 (ひ)毛 (も)登 (と)久 (く)毛 (も)能 (の)可 (か)加 (か)奈 (な)思 (し)家 (け)乎 (を)於 (お)吉 (き)弖 (て) [Man'yōgana]
  阿 (あ)遅 (ぢ)可 (か)麻 (ま)の潟 (かた)にさく波 (なみ)平 (ひら)瀬 (せ)にも紐 (ひも)解 (と)くものか愛 (かな)しけを置 (お)きて [Modern spelling]
  ajikama no kata ni saku nami hirase ni mo himo toku mono ka kanashike o okite
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "咲く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	咲か	さか	saka
Continuative (連用形)	咲き	さき	saki
Terminal (終止形)	咲く	さく	saku
Attributive (連体形)	咲く	さく	saku
Hypothetical (仮定形)	咲け	さけ	sake
Imperative (命令形)	咲け	さけ	sake
Key constructions
Passive	咲かれる	さかれる	sakareru
Causative	咲かせる咲かす	さかせるさかす	sakaseru sakasu
Potential	咲ける	さける	sakeru
Volitional	咲こう	さこう	sakō
Negative	咲かない	さかない	sakanai
Negative continuative	咲かず	さかず	sakazu
Formal	咲きます	さきます	sakimasu
Perfective	咲いた	さいた	saita
Conjunctive	咲いて	さいて	saite
Hypothetical conditional	咲けば	さけば	sakeba

Derived terms

栄 (さか)える (sakaeru)
咲 (さ)き撓 (おお)る (sakiōru)
咲遅 (さきおく)れる, 咲 (さ)き遅 (おく)れる (sakiokureru)
咲 (さ)き懸 (かか)る, 咲 (さ)き懸 (か)かる (sakikakaru)
咲殻 (さきがら), 咲 (さ)き殻 (がら) (sakigara)
咲 (さ)き溢 (こぼ)れる, 咲 (さ)き零 (こぼ)れる (sakikoboreru)
咲 (さ)き出 (ず) (sakizu)
咲 (さ)き荒 (すさ)ぶ (sakisusabu)
咲 (さき)初 (そ)める, 咲 (さ)き初 (そ)める (sakisomeru)
咲 (さ)き揃 (そろ)う (sakisorō)
咲 (さ)き匂 (にお)う (sakiniō)
咲 (さき)分 (わ)け (sakiwake), 咲 (さ)き分 (わ)け (sakiwake)
咲 (さ)き渡 (わた)る (sakiwataru)
咲残 (さきのこ)る, 咲 (さ)き残 (のこ)る (sakinokoru)
咲誇 (さきほこ)る, 咲 (さ)き誇 (ほこ)る (sakihokoru)
咲乱 (さきみだ)れる, 咲 (さ)き乱 (みだ)れる (sakimidareru)
咲 (さ)く花 (はな)の (saku hana no, pillow word)
桜 (さくら) (sakura)
一 (いっ)季 (き)咲 (ざ)き (ikki-zaki)
後 (おく)れ咲 (ざ)き (okurezaki)
遅 (おそ)咲 (ざ)き (osozaki)
返 (かえ)り咲 (さ)く (kaerisaku)
狂 (くる)い咲 (さ)く (kuruisaku)
四 (し)季 (き)咲 (ざ)き (shikizaki)
筒 (つつ)咲 (ざ)き (tsutsuzaki)
二 (に)季 (き)咲 (ざ)き (niki-zaki)
二 (に)度 (ど)咲 (ざ)き (nido-zaki)
野 (の)咲 (ざ)き (nozaki)
初 (はつ)咲 (ざ)き (hatsuzaki)
花 (はな)が咲 (さ)く (hana ga saku)
花 (はな)咲 (さ)く (hanasaku)
花 (はな)実 (み)が咲 (さ)く (hanami ga saku)
早 (はや)咲 (ざ)き (hayazaki)
穂 (ほ)咲 (ざ)きの総 (ふさ)藻 (も) (hozaki no fusamo)
穂 (ほ)に穂 (ほ)が咲 (さ)く (ho ni ho ga saku)
豆 (まめ)咲 (ざ)き (mamezaki)
室 (むろ)咲 (ざ)き (murozaki)
八 (や)重 (え)咲 (ざ)き (yaezaki)
忘 (わす)れ咲 (ざ)き (wasurezaki)

References

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN